144 Fine Art ^. [Chap. X. 



under consideration, were Sandb}^ Parky ns^ and 

 Jukes, of Great Britain. 



Calcography, a species of engraving in imitation 

 of Chalk draxvings^ if not invented, was-^rst 

 brouo-jit to a hioh state of excellence and im- 

 provement, in the eighteenth century. Those who 

 have been most eminently distinguished ill this de- 

 partment of the graphic art, are Messrs. Ryland 

 and Bartolozzi, of Great Britain *. 



Mr, Smith, an engraver of London, toward the 

 close of the period embraced in this retrospect, 

 is said to have invented a method of making im- 

 pressions from his own plates, so to resemble OU 

 Painti}igs as to be with difficulty distinguished 

 from them, even by connoisseurs. These impres- 

 sions are represented as possessing that sort of 

 brightness which is so much admired in Venetian 

 ])aintings, as resembling them also in permanency, 

 and as beino- of such a nature as to render a cover- 

 ing of glass, so expensive and frangible a mjite- 

 jial, altogether unnecessary. 



The art of producing Coloured Engravings hQ-^ 

 longs almost entirely to the period under consider- 

 ation. About the time of the revival of learning, 

 some artists produced prints of different colours, 

 by means of wood cuts, employing a different plate 

 for each colour. But so much inconvenience and 

 imperfection attended this method^ that it was scl- 



* For this, and for sci'eral other articles of information, de- 

 tailed in the present section, and for some valuable hints on the 

 subject of modern painting, the author acknowledges himself to 

 be indebted to Mr. Archibald Robertson, conductor of the Coluni- 

 hian Acadcmij of Painting in the city of New York, whose inge- 

 nuity and taite as an artist arc wcU known in America. 



