126 INTRODUCTION. 



would supply is wanting. Many burials have, however, been 

 found placed in the mounds, some of which, on account of the 

 various articles deposited with them, there can be no hesitation in 

 attributing- to the Anglian population ; whilst those with which 

 nothing has occurred may, on account of the type of the skull and 

 the way in which the body has been interred, be safely attributed 

 to the same people. This fact seems to be a strong argument against 

 considering these lines of entrenchment to be of Anglian origin ; 

 for it appears unlikely that the persons who threw up the mounds 

 as fortifications would use them as places of burial. At the same 

 time it may be said that the descendants of the people who 

 originally constructed them for defence might, when their necessity 

 for such a purpose had passed away, ha-^e buried their dead in them. 



We must, I think, look to some other people than the Angles for 

 the invaders who erected these defensive works ; and we seem 

 naturally brought to regard the brachy-cephalic occupants of the 

 round barrows as the probable constructors. It seems certain that 

 an earlier long-headed people were intruded upon by a round-headed 

 one, nor do we find until the coming in of the Angles any proof that 

 the wolds had ever been occupied by other than these two markedly 

 diiFerent peoples ; for the Roman settlement of the district, as 

 indeed might be expected, does not appear to have sensiblj'- 

 affected the character of the population. If then we reject the 

 Angles as the authors of these defences, we are reduced to the 

 round-headed folk as their constructors, for the earlier people whom 

 they conquered, if they were the first occupants of the country, 

 would not require to erect any such system of fortifications as these 

 in question are found to be. This brachy-cephalic race, if they are 

 to be regarded as the people who erected the wold fortifications, must 

 have arrived from the opposite shores of the continent, and we may 

 expect to find there people possessing the same characteristics. Nor 

 shall we have to travel far in our search after them, for in the modern 

 Danish head is exhibited the same peculiarity of type as is found to 

 exist in the round skull of the barrows, a form which is also presented 

 by many of the inhabitants of South Germany and Switzerland. 



At the time when it was the custom to bury under round 

 barrows, and when the body was interred both by inhumation 

 and after cremation, the wolds were inhabited, as has already 

 been more than once stated, by two stocks of people, having 

 characteristic features of the most distinctive kind ; the one 

 being brachy-cephalic, the other dolicho-cephaHc. Nor can it 



