PARISH OF RUDSTONE. 231 



was the body, probably of a woman, about 30 years of age and 5 ft. 

 7 in. in height, laid on the right side, with the head to W.S.W., 

 and the hands up to the face. Behind the head was a ' drinking 

 cup.' It is like fig. 120^ but narrower, 7| in. high, 5 in. wide at 

 the mouth, and 3 in. at the bottom. The ornamentation is simple 

 and occurs at intervals. Immediately below the lip are six grooved 

 lines encircling the vessel, made by a blunt-ended tool drawn over 

 the moist clay. One inch and a-half below these lines are four 

 other encircling lines, made by a notched piece of bone or wood ; a 

 blank space of one inch then occurs, beneath which are eight en- 

 circling lines, similar to those last mentioned. At the bottom is an 

 encircling zigzag consisting of three parallel lines, one inch and a-half 

 deep, of the same toothed impressions. In advance of but in close 

 contact with the knees was an instrument made from the shed antler 

 of a large red-deer [fig. 34]. It is 19 in. long, and has been partly 

 cut and partly burnt and broken through at the points of severance. 

 The brow tine has been broken off, the next one, which is 7| in. 

 long, being left. This implement shows, by the rubbed sides and 

 splintered end of the tine, signs of having been much used, and at 

 the part where it has been grasped by the hand it is worn smooth \ 

 It would have formed a most efficacious war-club ; but it is very 

 doubtful whether that could have been its use. It most probably 

 has served the purpose of a pick as well as of a hoe or cultivator, 

 the smoothness of that part of the tine which would have come 

 most into use seeming to show that it had been long employed 

 amongst some soft material, such as earth. The bruised end of the 

 tine implies use amongst some harder material than earth, and it is 

 by no means improbable that it was the instrument employed in 

 making the grave, and that its purpose having been served it was 

 placed there with its once owner. A somewhat similar occurrence 

 may be noted in the account of the barrow immediately following 

 this, where some large hammer-stones, with which the slabs form- 

 ing two cists had apparently been split, were laid upon the cover 



' I discovered a number of implements very similar to this in a pit with galleries 

 in connection with it, one of a large series, at a place called Grime's Graves, near 

 Weeting, Norfolk. The workings in which they were found had been made to obtain 

 flint for the fabrication of instruments of that stone ; and the deer's-horn tools had 

 been used for excavating the chalk into which the pits were sunk, and for breaking 

 up the bed of flint. They were in fact picks and hammers combined in one tool. See 

 Journal of Ethnological Society, N. S., vol. ii. p. 419. I possess one found in a grave 

 with a skeleton and ' food vessel ' at Tosson, Northumberland ; and I have on several 

 occasions met with splinters from the ends of the tines of antlers, which probably had 

 been broken off in excavating the chalk of which the barrows were in part made. 



