236 YORKSHIRE. EAST RIDINCx. 



was distinctly indicated, not only by the fiUing'-in, consisting of 

 chalk and presenting a marked contrast to the earth through 

 which the catting passed, but also by the very clear proofs afforded 

 by the sides that the original mound of earth had been cut 

 through, as also that the sides of the cutting had been plastered 

 over with a thin layer of clay, or else that water had been throwTi 

 against them, and that then, while still wet, they had been rubbed 

 over with the hand or some smooth instrument. Three feet above 

 the level of the natural surface, and running through the whole 

 extent of the cutting, was a layer of burnt earth and charcoal 5 in. 

 thick, below which and towards the sides of the cutting (although 

 in actual contact with the sides the material was chalk-rubble) the 

 filling-in consisted of earth. The middle portion however, having 

 a diameter of more than 3 ft., was pure and loose chalk-grit, which 

 rested on a concave or dish-shaped bed of charcoal about 2 in. in 

 thickness ; this layer of charcoal was about 2 ft. above the surface- 

 level at the sides, but came down almost to that level at the 

 centre. Nine inches above the charcoal, and on the east side of 

 the cutting, was the body of a young child, laid on the left side, 

 with the head to E. by S. More towards the centre of the cutting, 

 at a lower level than the child, and all but resting upon the char- 

 coal, was the body of, probably, a woman, above 55 years of age, 

 which was laid on the left side, with the head to E.N.E., the right 

 hand being across the neck and below the chin, the fingers doubled 

 in, and the left to the knees. In front of the chest, between the 

 face and the knees, were a flint knife and two chippings of flint, 

 and underneath them a bronze drill or awl. The knife is made 

 from a thin outside flake, very carefully chipped all round the 

 edges, the original skin of the nodule being left untouched except 

 at that part; one side is curved, and the other straight; it is 

 2^ in. long and 1^ in. wide. The drill, similar to fig. 39, is 

 1^ in. long, square at the middle, and tapering to a point at each 

 end. To the rear of the hips was a second bronze drill or awl 

 and a flint chipping, and close to them, though nearer to the heels 

 of the body, was a ' drinking-cup.' The drill is like fig. 39, but 

 much shorter in proportion to its thickness ; f in. long, square at 

 the middle, and tapering to a point at each end, and had the remains 

 of its wooden handle still left upon it. The ' drinking cup ' [fig. 85] 

 is of uncommon pattern, and is covered fi*om top to bottom with 

 encompassing grooved lines, made by a narrow-edged piece of bone 

 or wood drawn over the moist clay. It is 7 in. high, 6 in. wide at 



