LONG BARllOWS. 543 



ments again, at any rate those which can undoubtedly be regarded 

 as primary, are generally at the east end, though there are certainly 

 remarkable instances to the contrary^. The bones also are very 

 frequently disjointed and sometimes lie apart from each other, as 

 if the bodies had been dismembered, and the flesh removed from 

 the bones before they were placed in the mound ; nor in many cases 

 are all the bones of the body present. Besides which, the bones 

 in some instances are said to show (though I think this is very 

 doubtful) signs of having been violently fractured before, or imme- 

 diately upon, death -. The type of the skulls too is a very marked 

 one; they are eminently dolicho-cephalic^; and possess other 

 equally characteristic features, I believe no primary interment 

 found in a long barrow has produced a brachy-cephalic cranium, 

 though that form of head is so common in the round barrows, 

 whilst dolicho-cephalic heads have occurred abundantly in them. 

 Further, no trace of metal has been found in connection with the 

 buried bodies, or, indeed, in any undisturbed part of a long bar- 

 row ^. Weapons and implements are also of very rare occurrence ; 

 and I am only acquainted with one instance where anything in 

 the shape of an ornament has been met with. Pottery of any 

 kind is very infrequent, and, contrary to the practice of the time 

 of the ordinary round barrows, does not appear, except on the 

 rarest occasions ^, to have been placed in the shape of vessels in 



^ Mr. Cunnington, in a letter in the Ai'chaBologia, vol. xv. p. 338, observes that 

 nearly all the long barrows in his district of Wiltshire stand east and west, the east 

 end being the widest ; and that out of eleven opened by him, nine bad the skeletons 

 at the east end. 



^ In the South-west of England, cleft and broken skulls are said to have been found 

 in a long barrow, near Haytesbury, by Mr. Cunnington. Hoare, Ancient Wilts, vol. i. 

 p. 88 ; and in those of West Kennet, Littleton Drew, Uley, Tilshead, and Eoduiarton. 

 Crania Britannica, pi. 59. Dr. Thurnam has also, since the publication of the work 

 just referred to, stated that he has found like cleft skulls in a long barrow, on Fyfield 

 Hill, near Pewsey, Wiltshire. 



^ In addition to the long barrows described in this volume, the long ban-ows of 

 Derbyshire and Staffordshire, if any of those recorded by Mr. Bateman can strictly 

 be called such, have produced dolicho-cephalic skulls. Bateman, Vestiges, pp. 46, 47, 

 91, 103 ; Ten Years' Diggings, pp. 94, 144. The long barrows of the South-west of 

 England have also been fomid to contain the same shaped skulls. See papers by 

 Dr. Thiu-nam, Crania Bi'itannica, passim; Archajol., vol. xxx\'iii. p. 415 ^ vol. xlii. 

 p. 161 ; Arch. Journal, vol. xi. p. 315 ; Memoirs of Anttropological Society of 

 London, vol. i. pp. 120, 459. 



* Sir B,. Colt Hoare says, ' We have invariably found the sepulchi-al deposit placed 

 under the east end of the tumulus, and the interments to consist of skeletons, buried 

 in an irregular and promiscuous manner, and unaccompanied by those fine urns, gilt 

 daggers, &c., which have rewarded our laboui's in the bowl and bell-shaped barrows.' 

 Ai'chffiol., vol. xix. p. 43. 



* Dr. Thurnam records only a single instance, where a plain semi-globular shaped 



