57:i DESCIUPTIOX OF FIGURES OF SKULLS. 



his description^ of the braclij-cephalic type at present existing in 

 Wurtemherg, and called by him the 'Ligurian,' says that in them the 

 upper third of the femur is flattened from before backwards, but it 

 may be doubted whether this peculiarity has any morphological value. 

 I have noted it in skeletons of dolicho-cephalic individuals who 

 could not have been of any very great muscular development, ex- 

 cept possibly as regards the particular muscle named. The cristae 

 ilii and the ischial epiphyses are not yet perfectly anchylosed, 

 thouo-h they still adhere to the os innominatum. One wisdom 

 tooth only has come into actual use, the other three being still in 

 their alveoli. The basi-cranial })ones are lost, and nothing therefore 

 can be said as to the closure of the spteno-basilar siiture. Viewed 

 in the nonna lateralis, the dip in the parieto-occipital region, though 

 more abrupt than it would be even in a female specimen of the 

 dolicho-cephalic type, is yet a little more oblique, not only than are 

 female, but also than we shall find the more mature brachy-cephalic 

 males to be. The forehead has the obliquity so frequent in strong 

 male skulls of every type, and, contrary to what is usually laid 

 down ^ as to young skulls, the frontal sinuses are already largely 

 developed, and, as is usual in this type, separated from each other 

 by a broad and shallow glabellar furrow. 



The lower jaw contrasts by the height of its coronoid relatively 

 to the zygomatic arch, and by the form of its chin as well as by 

 the measurements given above, with the female skull, Flixton, iii. 6, 

 next to be described, illustrating herein the principle that sexual 

 as well as other characters are often as distinctly recognizable in 

 the lower jaw as anywhere else in the skeleton. The Inrger size 

 of the mastoids is well seen in the skull on the side not shown in 

 the drawing ; the large size of its air-cells is, how^ever, w^ell shown 

 on the injured side figured. There appears to have been some right 

 parieto-occipital flattening, due probably to the carrying of the 

 owner of this skull when an infant with the head supported on the 

 right side ; and this distortion ^ appears to have been increased by 



' Ai-chlv fur Antliropologie, ii. p. 54, 1867. 



^- Broca, Memoires d' Anthropologic, vol. i. p. 76. Mr. Prescott HeM-ett, Medical 

 Times and Gazette, p. 106, Aug. 4, 1855, says these cavities do not begin to develope 

 till the fourteenth or fifteenth year. In some of these early skulls, however, I have seen 

 them largely developed as early as when the first true molar has only just come into use. 

 The following observations made by Vesalius in 1543 (De Corporis Humani 

 Fabrica, lib. i. cap. 5. p. 16, torn. i. Opera Omnia, Leyden, 1725) as to the production of 

 artificial though unintentional cranial deformation bear on this point and some others 

 raised at the present moment : ' Germani vero compresso plerumque occipitio, et lato 

 capite spectantur, (juod pueri in cunis dorso semper incumbant ac nianilius fere citra 



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