UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 647 



A fourth general observation would arise out of such an inspec- 

 tion of these three series of crania to the effect that, though in each 



in ilirem gaiiz physiscben Habitus anders geartet sind, als jene es wabrscbeinlicb waren. 

 Wareii jene hocbgewacbsen vorberrscbend blond, so sind diese gedrungener, dunkler 

 von Haar uud Angen.' Vircbow, wbo bas repeatedly expressed bimself to tbe effect 

 tbat bracby-eepbaly is a bigber form of skull tban dolicbo-cepbaly (see Ai-cb. fiir 

 Antb. V. 4, 1872, p. 536, wbere Calori is quoted to tbe same effect as regards tbe 

 Italians ; or, Zeitscbrift fiir Etbnologie, iv. 2, p. 36, where Cortcse is similarly cited 

 as to tbe smaller size and stature of modern Italian dolicbo-cepbali ; or, Sammlung, 

 ix. 193, 1874, p. 45), would appear, from bis saying. Arch, fiir Antb., I. c. p. 540, tbat 

 tbe broadening wbicb tbe dolicbo-cepbalic modern German skulls of wbicb Herr 

 Holder writes bave attained to as compared witb tbe ancient dolicbo-cepbali may 

 bring tbem witbin tbe limits of bracby-eepbaly by measurement, to neglect tbe 

 difference wbicb Professor Cleland (Pbil. Trans. I. c. p. 146) bas so well insisted upon as 

 existing between dolicbo-cepbaly of type and contoiu- as opposed to tbat constituted by 

 mere measurement of the single relation of breadth to tbe length, and tbat too 

 irrespectively of tbe height. Herr Holder appears to have proved tbat the Germanic 

 type as ordinarily understood has the larger and better developed brain, at all events in 

 the parts of Germany known to him (see his Memoirs, Arcbiv fiir Anthropologic, ii. 

 pp. 53-55, and Zusammenstellung der in Wiirttemberg vorkommenden Schadelformen, 

 1876, and the discussion at the meeting of tbe German Association for Anthropology 

 held in Stuttgart in August 1872, reported in tbe Arch, fiir Antb. v. p. 539). His 

 words in the Report just quoted are, ' In Wtirtemberg finden sicb aber unter den seit 

 Generationen geistig beschaftigten Stiinden viel mehr dolichocepbale Formen als 

 unter den Handarbeitern.' The facts, so far as I can collect them as regards Germany, 

 appear to me to be tbat the genuine Teutonic type, as we know it from undoubtedly 

 Anglo-Saxon, and from Frankisb skulls, has, in the course of centuries (some of which 

 have been times of culture, and all of which may bave been times admittedly of 

 crossing with a brachy-cephalic stock), intermediate in archaeological date between tbe 

 Reiben-Graber period and the earliest gi-aves, become relatively somewhat broader, 

 but without losing its primitive contour. Throughout Germany however there exists 

 a brachy-cephalic stock, usually but by no means always, darker haired and of shorter 

 stature and of less cranial capacity than the typically dolicbo-cepbalic variety ; and 

 this stock, whatever its other disadvantages, bas at all events a numerical preponder- 

 ance in South Germany (see Huschke, I. c. p. 98; Vircbow, Beitriige, 1876, p 6; 

 Huxley, in Prehistoric Remains of Caithness, p. 108). Persons wbo wiU verify the 

 references I have given will find tbat a good deal of other than purely scientific 

 interest bas come to attach itself to this discussion. Professor Broca's views as to tbe 

 superiority of tbe brachy-cephalic type appear to coincide witb Professor Virchow's. 

 They may be found in his ' Memoires,' vol. i. 1871, p. 342, and Bull. Soc Antb. de Paris, 

 Tom. vii. Ser. iii. Fasc. v. Dec. 5, 1872. Dr. Holder's last summing up of tbe question, 

 Zusammenstellung, pp. 34, 35, runs thus : — 



' Die Bewohner des lieutigen Europa sind ein buntes Gemisch der oben angefiibrten 

 4 Rassen zu 2, 3 oder 4, und nur von dem Vorherrschen der einen oder anderen dieser 

 Elemente hangen die Eigenthiimlicbkeiten der verscbiedenen Nationen ab. Nur in 

 einem theile von England, Schweden uud Deutschland berrscbt der germanische 

 Typus vor, ganz unvermischt ist aber wohl nirgends mebr. In dem grosseren Theile 

 des letzteren steben die germaniscben Elemente den brachycepbalen in ziemlich 

 gleicher Zahl gegeniiber, oder sind sogar in entschiedener Minderheit. . . . 



' Mit der unverwiistlichen Ziibigkeit welcbe ibm eigen ist, kommt er selbst in den 

 am meisten brachycepbalen Bezirken Deutscblands immer wieder auf die Oberfiache, 

 wie die von mir zusammen gestellten Miscbformem-eiben zeigen. Welches das End 

 resultat sein wird, kann niemand wissen, nur so viel ist sicber, dass alle Mischrassen 

 so lange in Fluss bleiben, bis sie zu Grunde gegangen sind oder bis das schwiicbere 

 Element von dem kraf tigeren umgewandelt ist ; aber nur bis zu einem gewissen Grade, 



