654 GENERAL REMARKS 



would have given an expression of feebleness to the face during' life. 

 In a really powerful jaw again the inter-angular diameter is wide, 

 the angles approximate to right-angles, and in the region of these 

 angles the jaw itself is flanged outwards, whereas the very reverse 

 of this is usually the case in the jaws from the long barrows. A 

 point less distinctly connected with the physiological development 

 and therefore of proportionately greater morphological value is 

 presented to us in the shortness of the coronoid process relatively 

 to the eondyle-bearing portion of the ramus. 



In this point these ancient dolicho-cephalic resemble many 

 modern Eskimo crania, indeed the frequency, almost amounting 

 to constancy, with which it occurs in these modern savages is 

 such as to render of less importance the fact that it is sometimes 

 observable in other races both savage and civilised^. A second mor- 

 phological peculiarity of similar significance is sometimes though 

 by no means so frequently constituted by the backward position 

 of ^e, foramen mentale, an orifice which in modern European lower 

 jaws opens in the plane of the anterior premolar, but in these 

 priscan jaws sometimes occupies the more backwardly placed 

 position not unusually noticeable in Negros. 



The skeletons from the long barrows differ as markedly from 

 those of the round as do the skulls. I have never found the 

 stature to exceed 5ft, Gin. (see p. 539 sv/pra ; Journal Anthrop. 

 Instit. V. Oct. 1875, p, 121) in any skeleton from a barrow which 

 was undoubtedly of the stone and bone period. In this point my 

 results are in close accordance with those of Dr. Thurnam (Further 

 Researches, p. 32), who found the mean stature of the dolicho- 

 cephalic men of the long barrows to be 5' 5'4" = 1"661 metre, and 

 that of the brachy-eephalous men of the round barrows to be 

 5' 8*4" = 1 '737 metre ; the brachy-cephali having thus an advantage 

 of no less than 3" = 7-6 cent, in the matter of heig-ht^. To this I 



^ Schaafhausen, cit. Ecker, Ai-chiv fiir Anthropologie, iii. p. 134, 1868, speaks of a 

 massive lower jaw with almost vertically ascending broad and short ramus, the 

 processes of which are almost of the same height as causing us to recognise the rough 

 more aboriginal type of conformation as it is known to us in the old Scandinavians, 

 Celts, and Britons, and as it is in part at least presented to us in an exaggerated degree 

 among modern savages. See Journal of Anth. Institute, July 1876, \A. p. 34, for 

 description of such a lower jaw from the Ancient British Flint-mine at Cissbury. 



^ Mr. J. R. Mortimer, Journal Anthrop. Institute, vol. vi. 3, p. 333, Jan. 1877, has 

 found that the mean stature of his skeletons with dolicho-cephalic skulls is as much 

 as 5' 9-4", as against 5' 5' for the brachy-cephali, a very different result from those 

 attained to by Dr. Thurnam and myself. The discrepancy however is very easily 

 explained ; Dr. Thurnam and I, when we speak of dolicho-cephali, are referring only 



