UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 679 



for example, Brittany ^ Fourthly, and as regards tlie earlier of 

 the two prehistoric races with which we are dealing-, most im- 

 portantly, we have in this country dolicho-cephaly combined with 

 low stature and with dark complexion in a very considerable 

 number of our population, even in districts such as the Midland 

 Counties, where the names of the towns and villages show that 

 the Saxon and Danish conquerors occupied it in for the time 

 entirely overwhelming numbers. The fact of the existence of 

 this stock, or, we may perhaps say, of its survival and its re- 

 assertion of its own distinctive character in the districts of Derby, 

 Stamford, Leicester, and Loughborough, was pointed out in the 

 year 1848 by the late Professor Phillips, at a meeting of the 

 British Association at Swansea (See Report, p. 99), More extended 

 observations, but to the same effect, are put on record by Dr. 

 Beddoe (Mem. Soc. Anth. London, ii. p. 350) in the following 

 words : ' Of twenty-five Englishmen having black or brownish- 

 black hair, the average index of head-breadth is so small as 76-5, 

 which is the lowest I have met with in any set of men. Eight 

 Welshmen having black hair yielded the same modulus to a 



* Holder, Ziisammenstellung, p. 6, says, ' Aus dieser Zusammenstellung geht mm 

 mit Sicherheit hervor dass Haare und Augen um so heller werdem je naher der Index 

 des Germanischen Tyi^us kommt, und desto dunkler je bracliycepbaler der Schadel 

 ist. Blaue und graue Augen und blonde oder hellbraune Haare so wobl bier als lu 

 Waiblingen baufiger mit bober Statur vorkommen als dunkle Augen und Haare. 

 Der Hauptmasse der letzteren fallt niimlicb auf die grossen Classe von 166-1/6 cm. 

 ( = 65-35"-69-29") ; Zwiscben 176 und 182 cm. ( = 69-29"-71 6") fanden sieb nur blaue 

 und graue Augen und der grosste von ibnem mit 182 cm. war blond und blauaugig. 

 Ecker (Ai-cbiv fur Antbropologie, ix. 1877, p. 259) says, writing from Freiburg im 

 Breisgau, ' Die in unserem Lande eiust so verbreitete Scbadelform der Reibengriiber die 

 wobl unzweifelbaft aucb mit einer bestimmtei-e Korperstatur verbunden war, jetzt fast 

 ganz einer anderen Form Platz gemacbt bat deren Triiger in ibrem ganzem pbysiscber 

 Habitus anders geartet sind als jene es wahrscbeiulicb warcn. Waren jcne bocli 

 gewacbsen vorberrscbend blond so sind diese gedi-ungener dunkler vom Haar una 

 Augen.' Of the Bretons, Dr. Beddoe (Memoirs Lond. Anth. Society, iii. p. 362) says 

 tbey are of low stature, being remarkable for this even among the French, that ni 

 about three-fourths of the people the hair is very dark, and is about one-fourth coal- 

 black, and that the bead is, as Broca had pointed out, short and broad, with the excep- 

 tion of the L(ionois district. Broca, writing of Bretons (see Mem. Soc. Anth. Pans, 

 i. 1859, or Memoires d'Antbi-opologie, i. p. 297 ; and Bull. Soc. Anth. Paris, Scr. ii. 

 tom. viii. p. 313, Avril 1873), contrasts the Celtes s. Ai-moricains, being petits, bruns, 

 bracby-cepbales, with the peuples Beiges s. Kymrys, who are grands, blonds, dolicho- 

 cepbales. Sir Henry Dryden, Bart., writes to me of the Bretons to the following 

 effect :— ' As compared with the English the whole race are brachy-cepbalic, but the 

 Breton peasantry much less so than the middle class. The Bretons are taller than 

 the other French. I noticed in the regiments many very short small men, and I 

 think almost all the swarthy men were small. Many were very swarthy. Many of 

 the midtUe class not Bretons are ludicrously brachy-cepbalic, and their necks often 

 thicker than most English besides.' 



