683 



GENERAL EEMARKS 



intercrossing of the two stocks. Sucli skulls are all found in 

 barrows of the later period, and all, while retaining both the contour 

 and the proportions of the brachy-cephalic type, still exceed the 

 great majority of such skulls in the matter of cubical capacity. His 

 and Riitimeyer consider the largest of the skulls treated of by them 

 in their Crania Helvetica (p. 44), skulls to wit with an average 

 capacity of 1638 cc. = circa 100 cub. in., a maximum of 1820 cc.= 

 circa 111 cub. in., and a minimum of 1430 cc. = 87'27 cub. in., to be 

 the result of the intercrossing of their ' Sion typus/ which is the skull 

 of the ' Pfahlbauten ' and (p. 34) < unserer Keltischer Vorfahren ' 

 and corresponds to many of our long-barrow skulls, with their 

 ' Disentis Typus,' which corresponds to many of our round-barrow 

 skulls. It is of great importance to note this coincidence as to the 

 facts observable in Switzerland and in Great Britain respectively. 



A second variety of skull, which I incline to consider a ' Misch- 

 form,' is found in round barrows containing both dolicho-cephalic 

 and brachy-cephalic crania, lying together peacefully and in equally 

 honourable positions within their precincts. These skulls differ from 

 those just spoken of in being dolicho-cephalic by measurement, but 

 they resemble them in combining with this proportion of breadth 

 to length the precipitous dip douTiwards of the posterior half of 

 the parietals which is so characteristic of brachy-cephaly generally, 



the same effect in the following words : ' The Half-breeds are a large and robust race, 

 with greater powers of endurance than the native Indian. Mr. S. J. Dawson, of the 

 Red River Exploring Expedition, speaks of the French Half-breeds as a gigantic race 

 as compared with the French Canadians of Lower Canada. Professor Hind refers in 

 equally strong language to their great physical powers and vigorous muscular develop- 

 ment ; and the venerable Archdeacon Hunter, of Red River, replies in answer to my 

 inquu-y, " In what respects do the HaLf-breed Indians differ from the pure Indians as 

 to habits of life, courage, strength, increase of numbers, &c. ?" " They are superior in 

 every respect, both mentally and physically." Much concurrent evidence points to the 

 fact that the families descended from mixed parentage are larger than those of the 

 whites J and though the results are in some degree counteracted by a tendency to 

 consumption, yet it does not amount to such a source of diminution on the whole as 

 to interfere with their steady numerical increase.' Similarly, Mr. Huth (Marriage of 

 near Kin, 1875) writes, p. 308, that ' crosses are beneficial in very often effecting an 

 increase of size in the progeny, exceeding that of either parent, is established beyond 

 doubt.' pp. 324 and 325. ' The Zamboes, or offspring of Negi-oes and American 

 Indians, are, according to Dr. Hancock, remarkable for their physical superiority over 

 their progenitors on either side, and this he says is a well-knowTi fact.' Per contra, 

 ' Most of the criminals of Nicaragua are, according to Squier, Zamboes, bigger and better 

 made than their parents, without possessing any of their good qualities.' Dr. Beddoe's 

 investigations into the stature and bulk of man in the British Islands (Mem. Anth. 

 Soc. iii. 553) have led him to say, 'on the whole, the results of my tables tend to 

 support, but only in a feeble way, the current opinion as to the advantageous effect of 

 crossing upon size.' Professor Broca (M(?moires, i. p. 342) says, ' L'araelioration des 

 races par des croisement est fortement eontest^e aujourdhui ; ' but he should have 

 added, I think, words limiting the dispute to France. 



