UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 



701 



The measurements of this skull are as follows : — 



Extreme length 



Extreme breadth . 



Vertical height 



Circumference 



Length of face from fronto- 

 nasal suture to edge of 

 alveolar process 



.i >i / Intcrzygouiatic wndth . . 4*7 " 

 o "^ ) Interangular width of lower jaw 32" 

 g'^ ) Depth of symphysis . . OO' 

 ^ a V Width of ramus . . . 1-2" 

 Cephalic index .... 76 



Weight of skull vnth lower jaw but 



with loss of basicranial hones = 1 lb. 



71 oz. 



A second skull, to which the foregoing description as to 

 age, sex, contour and other characters, with a slight altera- 

 tion as to the supraciliary ridges being smaller, would apply 

 almost word for word, was obtained by Canon Greenwell from a 

 cave at Ryhope in the county of Durham. With this skull and 

 lower jaw there came to the University Museum from this cave a 

 second lower jaw, which had belonged to a strong man, and 

 resembles in many particulars the lower jaws of the earlier 

 British prehistoric race ; and the lower jaw of the skull altered by 

 cerebral hypertrophy, has its angles inverted in a manner frequently 

 noticeable in lower jaws of early races. These points have some 

 importance, as some doubt exists as to the date of this 'cave-find.' 

 The measurements of this Ryhope skull are as follows : — 



Interzygomatic breadth . . 4"7" 



Interangular width of lower jaw 3'1" 



Width of ramus . . . 1'3" 



Depth of symphysis . . 9" 

 Weight of skull 1 lb. 5 oz. 70 grs. 



III. Diseases and irregularity of teeth in PreJdstoric Series. 



Mr. Mummery in a valuable paper published firstly in the Trans- 

 actions of the Odontological Society of Great Britain, vol. ii. p. 1, 

 Nov. 1869, and subsequently (1870) in a separate form with addi- 

 tional notes, has given at considerable length, and also tabulated, the 

 results of his observation upon dental disease as existing in pre- 

 historic races, having examined for this purpose a large proportion 

 of the series in the Oxford Museum and also several other collections. 

 In the same paper he has also recorded the results of his investiga- 

 tion of dental disease in various existing savage tribes, such as the 

 Australians, the Eskimos, the Negroes, and the Red Indians. Mr. 

 Mummery has pointed out that amongst as many as 68 Wiltshire 

 skulls of the long-barrow period in Dr. Thurnam's collection he 

 could find only two cases of decay, whilst amongst 32 skulls in the 



