702 GENEEAL EEMAEKS 



same collection from the ronnd-barrow period there were 7 cases. 

 In 60 Yorkshire dohcho-cephali, however, Mr. ]Mumniery says no 

 less than 24 exhibited more or less disease ; and in 44 other skulls 

 ranged with the long-barrow series, some from Mr. Bateman's 

 Derbyshire series and some from other sources, much wearing 

 down of the teeth and 9 cases of caries were noted ; but alveolar 

 abscesses were comparatively rare. In the Park Cwm tumulus in the 

 peninsula of Gower^ South Wales, described by Sir John Lubbock 

 (Journal Ethn. Soc. London^ vol. ii. 1870, pp. 416-419), and of 

 the same ' horned ' character and possibly of the same race and time 

 as the Gloucester tumuli next to be spoken of, amongst skeletal 

 remains representing 24 individuals, 21 of whom were adults, Dr. 

 D. M. Douglas found ' the teeth wonderfully preserved^ very good 

 and regular/ and ' only two that exhibited signs of decay during 

 life.' In my examination of the entire series of bones, fragmentary 

 as well as perfect, from several chambers in long barrows in 

 Gloucestershire, I find very much the same state of things which 

 Mr. Mummery has described from the Wiltshire burials of the 

 same period. Ten lower jaws, nine of which were from persons 

 beyond the age of puberty, were recovered from a chamber in the 

 long barrow described by Canon Greenwell, pp. 514-520 s?fj'jra, 

 and by me in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Oct. 

 1875, p. 160 ; and of them I write (I. c), ' In none of these lower 

 jaws had any teeth been lost before death, in only one is there any 

 caries visible, and in one other (of an old woman, see p. 165) there 

 is a cavity formed by an alveolar abscess in connection with a 

 lower front molar worn down to the fangs and with its pulp 

 cavities almost obliterated by osteodentine.' Similarly of the six 

 lower jaws, all but one of which must have belonged to strong 

 adult men, recovered from a chamber in the long barrow at Upper 

 Swell described by Canon Greenwell at p. 521 suj)ra, and by me at 

 p. 168 of the Journal Anth. Soc. (I. c.) 1 write, ' In every case but 

 one the full number of teeth was retained up to the time of death, 

 even though the teeth are very much worn in most cases, and in 

 some even down to close upon the fangs. There was only one 

 case of caries.' I should have added that some traces of an alveolar 

 abscess are to be seen in the jaw which had lost teeth before death, 

 and that this jaw appears to have belonged to a man, whilst the jaw 

 with caries belonged probably to a woman. 



On the other hand, of the teeth of three females, also already 

 described by me and all undoubtedly from the stone and bone 



