720 APPENDIX. 



as the pottery of that period found at one end of this country is of 

 the contemporaneous pottery found in the other. If we are to 

 reason about these as we do about other facts of distribution in 

 space and time, we must hold that a g-reater uniformity existed in 

 the forms of vegetable and a much greater in the forms of animal 

 life over the whole of this country in prehistoric than in recent 

 times ; and that the districts in question may be likened to islands 

 which have been separated from each other by the encroachments, 

 sometimes more, sometimes less gradual, of an invading sea. If a 

 greater mass of material has been available to me in the barrows 

 themselves than has been to some other writers upon the subject of 

 the fauna of prehistoric times, it must be said on the other side 

 that my investigations have been confined to the ' houses of the 

 dead;' and that I am not here writing of the relics to be found in 

 such greater abundance in what were ' the houses of the living,' 

 viz. cave- and pile-dwellings. In the largest long barrow indeed, 

 that at Crosby Garrett (see p. 510 siqyrd), which I have examined, 

 I noted that of all the animal bones found, only one single fragment 

 could be said to have been proved to have owed its introduction to 

 the race which reared the barrow. And though in many barrows 

 considerable numbers of such bones have been found, the remains 

 of the funeral feast have not been so productive, as indeed they 

 could not have been expected to be, as the rubbish -pits or the floors 

 of the dwellings of ancient times have been to other investigators. 



I. Of the Prehistoric Flora of this Country 

 IN THE Neolithic Period. 



The palaeolithic man had before his eyes a country, the hills, 

 valleys, and plains of which had somewhat different contours from 

 those upon which the neolithic man lived his hunting or pastoral life. 

 But the position of the long barrows and forts, reared by the later 

 race of men in places of vantage as regards prospect and elevation, 

 shows us that the solid earth on which they trod has had its escarp- 

 ments and its river-courses subjected to but little change since 

 their time. 



The landscape however upon which his eyes rested was neverthe- 

 less a very different one from that which meets ours now in any but 

 the wildest districts of this country. The characters of a landscape 

 at various periods depend mainly upon its vegetation, and if the 

 indigenous trees of Great Britain have not been so entirely out- 



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