142 Recent Literature. 



it is identical, and Mr. Saunders now unites macrotarsa, reducing all the 

 " Gull-billed " Terns to one. 



4. Sterna fluviatilis, Naum. 



S. hirundo, L. in part, and of most authors. — Larus bicolor, L. sterna, L. 

 colurnbinus, Scop. — S. fluviatilis, Naum. — S. senegalensis, Sw. — S. wilsoni, 

 Bp. — SS. macrodactyla, macroptera, Bias. — S. do^igalli, Layard nee auct. 



Probably no one thinks of separating the American bird now ; but it 

 was otherwise then. 



5. Sterna macrura, Naum. 



S. hirimdo, L. in part. — S. paradisea, Briinn (nee auct.). — S, macrura, 

 Naum. — aS". ardica, Temm. — S. brachypus, Sw. — S. pikei, Lawr. [pykii, 

 Bp.]. — *S^. portloMdica, Ridgw. 



The general impression seems to be that 8. hirundo, L., is a composite 

 species with which it is best to have nothing to do. 



6. Sterna forsteri, Nutt. 



S. hirundo, Sw. & Rich, nee auct. — S. havelli, Aud. (Jide Coues). 



7. Sterna dougalli, Mont. 



<S'. pa7-adisea, Keys. & Bias, and authors, nee Briinn. ; macdougalli, douglasi, 

 of some. — S. gracilis, Gould. — F Larus polo-candor, Sparrm. 



This name must stand in place of the more usual paradisea; for 

 Briinnich's bird was an Arctic Tern ; the Roseate is not a boreal bird. 



8. Sterna cantiaca, Gm. 



S. africana, Gm. — S. boijsii, Lath. — S. canescens, Mey. & Wolf. ^ S. 

 acufiavida, Cabot. — Thalasseus cantiacus, Boie. — Actochelidon eantiacus, 

 Kaup. — Thalasseus canescens, Th. candicans, Brehm. — Thai, acuflavidios, 

 Coues. 



I long since relinquished my early attempt to separate acujlavidus. 



9. Sterna elegans, Gamb. 



Thalasseus elegans, Gamb. — Sterna comata, Phil. & Landb. — S. galericulata, 

 Sol. & Salv., Coues, partly, nee Licht. 



I am glad to find that we may after all revert to Gambel's name, by 

 which the species was long knoAvn. I followed S. & S. in changing to 

 galericulata in 1872-74 ; but according to Saunders, from examination of 

 the type, the latter is a synonym of maxivia (= regia, Gamb.). 



10. Sterna maxima, Bodd. 



S. maxima, Bodd. = P. E. 988. — S. cayennensis, Gm. — S. cayana. Lath. 

 — S . galericulata, Licht. (type e.xamined, H. S.). — S. erytfirorynchos, Wied. 

 — S. cristata, Sws. (type examined, H. S.). — S. regius, Gamb. — S. bergii, 

 Irby, nee auct. — Thalasseus cayanus, Bp. — Tlial. regius, Gamb. — PJuetu^a 

 regia, Bp. — Thai, galericulatus, Bias. — Thai, cayennensis, Gray. 



This large Tern, which proves to inhabit Africa as well as the warmer 

 parts of America, has given much trouble. In 1872-74, I declined to 

 follow S. & S., 1871, in identifying regia, Gamb., with Buffon's bird, con- 

 sidering that caspia might be in question, but I was apparently at fault 



