30 THE AEEANGEMENT OF THE 



In addition to these differences in the shape of living matter, 

 I would mention the swelled globule (Quellungskugel). This shape 

 occurs under the influence of a liquid less concentrated than that 

 held in the protoplasma, as, for in- 

 stance, on addition of distilled water. 

 Some authors have considered this as 

 the condition of rest. It is preceded 

 by a jerking of some groups of gran- 

 ules, without change of the general 

 shape of the protoplasmic body. At 

 the same time many granules are 

 torn asunder, and float about in the 

 mesh-spaces, which have become en- 

 larged by numerous ruptures. 



Increase of the liquid in the proto- 

 plasm is accompanied by the formation p IG< s. DIAGRAM OF 

 of vacuoles. In the liquid contained in EXTENSION. 



the vacuole, granules torn off float 



about, and may throw out filaments ; these filaments may extend 

 so far as to reach the wall of the vacuole. In such a case the 

 latter instantaneously disappears, and the former condition of 

 the net- work is reestablished. 



Should the wall of a vacuole near the surface break in con- 

 sequence of an increasing tension, or that of the protoplasmic 

 body itself break, the protoplasmic liquid will escape in the first 

 instance j while in the second, a piece of the protoplasmic body 

 may be torn off, the debris of which, to the minutest granule, are 

 still viable. Or the whole reticulum may break down, and the 

 surrounding liquid, water, not favoring the life of the contract- 

 ile matter, deprives every particle of its life. 



ANALYSIS OF THE ASSERTIONS MADE IN 1873. 



The reticulum in the " protoplasm " was seen and depicted by Nasmyth 

 (1839), in corpuscles which to-day are known to be the covering epithelia of 

 the tooth; by C. Frommann (1867) in " ganglion-cells," and by others in the 

 same and other corpuscles. What I have described, is a reticular structure 

 of the " protoplasm" as a universal occurrence, and my assertions have 

 since been corroborated by all good observers. 



In 1877, I added the following remarks : * 



* "The Cell Doctrine in the Light of Eecent Investigations," ^ew York 

 Medical Journal, 1877. 



