LIVING MATTER IN "PROTOPLASM." 41 



bered, show thin, dark-violet edges, and contain a large number of granules 

 of different sizes, which, almost without exception, are united by fine, violet 

 threads. This arrangement produces an exceedingly delicate, violet net-work 

 in the interior of the mycelium-thread, the meshes of which are either 

 uncolored or only slightly violet. The smallest granules are homogeneous, 

 while the larger ones sometimes contain central spaces, vacuoles, which 

 appear in the optical section as small rings. Occasionally larger vacuoles 

 are seen within the mycelium, each surrounded by a wreath of violet 

 granules. Not only are the majority of the granules connected with each 

 other, but threads pass also from the wall of the mycelium to neighbor- 

 ing granules. Where hyphse grow from the mycelium, the wall of the 

 latter looks as if perforated, but its outer contour is continuous with 

 that of the hyphas. 



The hyphse, always of less diameter than the mycelia, are more finely 

 granulated ; but there is no doubt that their granules are also connected by 

 exceedingly delicate threads, both among each other and the wall. The 

 majority of the hyphas are covered with fine granules, occasionally accumu- 

 lating in groups, either attached with a broad base or by means of a minute 

 stem. Sometimes such a little body, or such groups, may be seen connected 

 by fine threads with granules in the interior of the hyphse. Just as in the 

 mycelium, we find also in the hyphaa a number of round or oval vacuoles, 

 which, uncolored themselves, are surrounded by a violet outline, or by a 

 wreath of granules. 



Many hyphae terminate in spherical or oblong conidia. Often a second 

 conidium is directly attached to the terminal one, or by means of an inter- 

 vening hypha. From this may proceed again a hypha, ending in a conidium, 

 and so on, frequently repeated. 



The conidia are of two kinds viz., thin-walled, the walls of which do 

 not surpass those of the hyphse ; or thick-walled, with a relatively broad 

 shell, interrupted only at the union with the hyphae or an attached conidium. 

 When two or more conidia are near together, that next to the hypha has 

 usually thin walls, while the succeeding ones have markedly thicker walls. 

 Both kinds contain granules, which, without exception, are connected among 

 each other and the conidium-wall, here and there being provided with vacu- 

 oles. The smaller of the vacuoles are ungranulated, while the larger contain 

 either single granules or groups of granules, with filamentous connections in 

 all directions. When two conidia are directly attached to each other, the 

 place of union is broad enough to allow of a direct connection of the granules 

 of both conidia. 



The thin-walled conidia possess lateral or polar shoots, in the form of 

 sessile or pediculated granules, or of projections of varying lengths, covered 

 with fine granules. The structure of these projections is either homogeneous 

 or reticular. In thick-walled conidia I have never met with such shoots ; here 

 the homogeneous, shining shell is always smooth on the outside. 



Many hyphas terminate in simple or compound conidia-chains. These 

 arise with the formation of successive notches, with increasing diameter of 

 the hypha. Such chains are mainly formed by thin-walled conidia, with 

 numerous, either granular or prolonged, buds. These buds not seldom appear 

 dark violet on their ends, while the stem near the conidia is uncolored. There 

 is either an interruption in the wall of the conidium, or a direct connection of 

 the stem of the bud with granules in the interior. (See Fig. 10.) 



