86 STRUCTURE OF COLORED BLOOD-CORPUSCLES. 



Not to cite older authors, I will mention that Funke* asserts that the 

 nucleus of nucleated blood-corpuscles does not exist during life, but is a prod- 

 uct of decomposition after death. Likewise Savory, in a paper t read before 

 the London Eoyal Society, urged that "when living, no distinction of parts 

 can be recognized ; and the existence of a nucleus in the red corpuscles of 

 ovipara is due to changes after death, or removal from the vessels"; and 

 furthermore, "the shadowy substance seen in many of the smaller oviparous 

 cells, after they have been mounted for some time, is very like that seen under 

 similar circumstances in some of the corpuscles of mammalia." But Bottcher 

 has reported]: seeing nucleated blood-corpuscles in the capillaries of living 

 frogs, and more recently Hammond saw a nucleus in the red blood-corpuscles 

 of young trout, varying as to age from a day to three weeks, swimming in a 

 cell full of water ; and afterward also in those of the tail of frog-embryos 

 and in other animals. || 



Bottcher has by numerous methods and for a long time sought to demon- 

 strate the existence of a nucleus in mammalian red blood-corpuscles. In his 

 first publication^ he gave a historical sketch of the literature of the subject, 

 and described the effects of chloroform, magenta, tannin, and other re-agents. 

 He also treated corpuscles with serum of other blood; next** he placed them 

 in aqueous humor (* i methods which alter the red blood-corpuscles as little 

 and as slowly as possible"); afterward tt he treated them with alcohol and 

 acetic acid, and still more recently U by means of a concentrated alcoholic 

 solution of corrosive sublimate (methods of i i hardening the blood-corpuscles 

 and then extracting the haematin from them "). Freer, using reflected instead 

 of transmitted light (by means of Wales' Illuminator), affirmed independently 

 of Bottcher the existence of a nucleus in human blood; and Piper |||| seems 

 very desirous to confirm Freer. Brandt, having, HIT in the red blood-corpuscles 

 of living sipunculus, occasionally found a nucleus, though usually there is 

 none, thought that perhaps the nuclei are unstable formations which by slight 

 influences are produced or made visible, and by others are destroyed or made 

 invisible ; on examining a drop of blood from his finger, on which he had 

 before pricking placed a little fresh chicken albumen, he usually found in 



* " Lehrbuch der Physiologie." Leipzig, 1863, vol. i., p. 17. 



t "On the Structure of the Red Blood-corpuscle of Oviparous Vertebrata." Proceedings 

 of the Boyal Society, vol. xvii., 1868, 1869 (read March 18, 1869). Monthly Microscopical 

 Journal, April, 1869, p. 235. 



t " Untersuchungen iiber die rothen Blutkorperchen der Wirbelthiere." Virchow's Archiv, 

 vol. xxxvi. (1866), (pp. 342-423), p. 351. 



" Observations on the Structure -of the Red Blood-corpuscles of a Young Trout." 

 Monthly Microscopical Journal, June, 1876, pp. 282, 283. 



|| "Observations on the Structure of the Red Blood-corpuscles of Living Pyremematous 

 Vertebrates." Id., September, 1876, p. 147. 



If The "Untersuchungen" just cited, pp. 359, 363, 367, etc., and 376. 



** " Nachtragliche Mittheilung iiber die Entfarbuiig rother Blutkorperchen und iiber den 

 Nachweis von Kernen in denselben." Virchow's Archiv, vol. xxxix. (1868), pp. 427-435. 



tt " Neue Untersuchungen iiber die rothen Blutkorperchen." Memoires de 1'Acad. Imp. 

 des Sci. de St. Petersbourg, vii. Ser., t. xxii., No. 11. 



tt " Ueber die feineren Structurverhaltnisse der rothen Blutkorperchen." Archiv fiir 

 Mikrosk. Anatomie, vol. xiv. (1877), pp. 73-93. 



" Discovery of a new Anatomical Feature in Human Blood-corpuscles." Chicago Medi- 

 cal Journal, May 15, 1868, and April 15, 1869. 



Illl " Contraction of Blood-corpuscles through the Action of Cold." New York Medical 

 Journal, March, 1877, p. 244. 



HIT " On the Nucleus of Red Blood-corpuscles." Arbeiten der St. Petersb. Gesellsch. d. 

 Naturf., vol. vii. (1876), p. 129. (In the Russian language.) 



