STRUCTURE OF COLORED BLOOD-CORPUSCLES. 89 



exhibited amoeboid protrusion and retraction of short blunt projections, 

 whereby a slow locomotion of the corpuscle was accomplished. He assumed 

 that the contractility which the colorless corpuscles possess in so high a degree 

 is preserved in undiminished strength in the red corpuscles in certain patho- 

 logical cases. According to Charlton Bastian, * red blood-corpuscles leave under 

 certain circumstances the vessels by virtue of active amoeboid movements ; 

 and he thinks it would be well if "the attention of future observers should 

 be directed to these peculiarities, and to the particulars above mentioned, in 

 order to determine more certainly than has yet been done how far amoeboid 

 movements and contractions do take place in the much-examined and much- 

 written-about red blood-corpuscles." 



Lieberkuhn observed in the red corpuscles of salamandra and pike's blood 

 active protrusion and retraction of bead-like processes. He also saw move- 

 ments of granules or small molecules in the interior of the red blood-corpuscles 

 of living frog embryos, t 



Faber, { in addition to his own observations of contractility and spontane- 

 ous locomotion of colored blood-corpuscles in albuminous urine, phenomena 

 which continued to be manifested for a longer time in colored than in colorless 

 .corpuscles, has given a rather complete account of the literature of these 

 phenomena, including the reports of diapedesis observed by Virchow, Strieker, 

 Cohnheim, Prussak, and Hering. The observations of amoeboid movements 

 by Bastian (just cited), Owsjannikow, Winkler,|| and Brandt If seem to have 

 escaped him; Arnold's experiments concerning diapedesis,** and Belfield's 

 observation of emigration of certain small-sized red corpuscles of the frog,tt 

 were published more recently. Since the publication of Faber's article, fur- 

 thermore, Kommelaere has described amoeboid movements of colored blood- 

 corpuscles ; U Brandt has spoken of the peculiar forms of the red blood-cor- 

 puscles of sipunculus and phascolosoma referable to amoeboid movements, 

 and of the fact that occasionally in the temperature of an ordinarily warmed 

 room considerable movements are accomplished ; and Schmidt has observed 

 spontaneous motion (expansion and contraction) in a fresh colored blood- 

 corpuscle of amphiuma in one instance, |||| and in those of man in a number 

 of instances. He reports that he had witnessed the phenomenon in the col- 

 ored blood-corpuscles of man as early as the summer of 1871. He says: 

 "In examining a specimen of human blood, and whilst my attention was 

 directed to the colored corpuscles as they were carried along by a moderate 

 current of the liquor sanguinis under the covering-glass, I noticed on some of 



* " Passage of the Red Blood-corpuscles through the Walls of the Capillaries in Mechan- 

 ical Congestion." British Medical Journal, May 2, 1868, pp. 425, 426. 



t " Ueber Bewegungserscheinungen der Zellen." Schriften der Gesellschaft zur Beforde- 

 rung der gesammten Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg, vol. ix. (1870), p. 335. 



t " Ueber die rothen Blutkorperchen." Archiv der Heilkunde, xiv. (1873), pp. 481-511. 



Op. cit., p. 563. 



|| " Textur, Structur, und Zellleben in den Aduexen des Menschlichen Eies," Jena, 1870, 

 p. 33. 



If " Anatomisch-hist. Untersuchungen iiber d. Sipunculus nudus, L." Memoires de 

 1' Academic Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, vii. Serie, t. xvi., No. 8. 



** Loc. cit, 



ft "Emigration in Passive Hyperaemia." American Quarterly Microscopical Journal, 

 October, 1878, p. 39. 



n " De la Deformation des Globules Rouges du Sang." Bruxelles, 1874, p. 47. 



& In afoot-note to his " Bemerkungen iiber die Kerne der rothen Blutkorperchen," I. c., 

 pp. 391, 392. 



Illl Op. cit., p. 67. 



