188 CONNECTIVE TISSUE. 



Ewetzky,* Petrone, t Budge, * Nykamp, FurbringerJ and a number of others 

 consider the existence of canals in the basis-substance of cartilage proved by 

 their experiments and treatment of their preparations with silver nitrate, gold 

 chloride, hyperosmic acid, chromic acid, ammonia bichromate, etc., etc. ; in- 

 vestigations by exactly the same means have convinced Sokolow,^[ Retzius, 1 

 Colomiatti, 2 Briickner, 3 Toldt, 4 Genzmer, 8 Gerlach, 6 Tillmanns, 7 Tizzoni, 8 and 

 others, of just the contrary ; and there is a third party which believes, with 

 Arnold, 9 that the basis-substance is made up of fibrillaa, that there are deli- 

 cate fissures between the fibrils, that these fissures penetrate the capsule, 

 and that " the nutrient material passes through these interfibrillar and intra- 

 capsular fissures into the pericellular space." Flesch, the latest writer on the 

 subject, adds 10 that these fissures need not necessarily be, and in fact are 

 not, empty, but that they are occupied by the interfibrillar cement-substance, 

 which, being of a " viscous soft" (ziihweich) material, permits the imbibition 

 and conveyance of the nutrient liquid. 



It is claimed that hyaline basis-substance consists of fine fibrils, so closely 

 held together by a cement-substance that the mass appears to be homo- 

 geneous. This idea, though not entirely novel, as the older anatomists seem 

 to have had it, 11 has been brought forward by Tillmanns, and is doubtless 

 original with him. 12 It is said that the interfibrillar cement-substance can be 

 dissolved out by certain re-agents, and then the fibrillation seen under the 

 microscope. According to the varying arrangement and interrelation of the 

 fibrillaB, Tillmanns speaks of three types of cartilage tissue viz., parallel- 

 fibery, net-form, and lamellous. No doubt he saw under the microscope 

 appearances which underlie the distinction which he thus made, but, unfort- 

 unately, he misinterpreted these appearances. Nevertheless, he has had 

 followers. Thus, Baber reported 12 that, having undertaken to test the accuracy 

 of Tillmanns' assertions, and not succeeding in finding the fibrillation, 



* " Entziindungsversuche am Knorpel." Vorlaulige Mittheilung, Centralblatt f. d. 

 Med. Wiss., 1875, No. 16; " Uutersuchuugen aus dem Path.-anat. Institut zu Zurich," iii. 

 Heft, 1875. 



t " Sulla Struttura Normale e Patologica delle Cartilagine e degli Epitelii." Napoli, 1876. 



t Loc. cit. $ Loc. cit. 



|| "Ueber das Gewebe des Kopfknorpels der Cephalopoden." Morpholog. Jalirbiieher, 

 iii., 1877, p. 453. 



H " Ueber den Bau des Nasenknorpols," etc., ref. Canstatt's Jahresbericlit. 1870, p. 24. 



1 "Bitrag till Kaunedomen um BrusknSfnaden." Nord. Med. Arkiv, iv., 1872. 



2 " Sulla Struttura delle Cartilagini laliui e Fibroelastica Reticolata." Gazetta Cliniche 

 di Torino, 1873, No. xxxii. ; Rivista Clinica di Bologna, 1874, No. v.; Giornale della Acad. 

 di Torino, 1876. 



3 " Ueber Eiterbildung im Hyalinen Knorpel." Inaug.- Dissert.,' Dorpat, 1873. 



4 " Lehrbuch der Gewebelehre." Stuttgart, 1874, p. 143. 



5 "Ueber die Reaction des Hyaliuen Knorpels," etc. Virchow's Archiv, Ixii., 1875; 

 Centralblatt f. Chirurgie, 1875, No. cxlvi. 6 Loc. cit. 



7 " Beitrage zur Histologie der Gelenke." Archiv fur Mikroskop. Anatoniie, x., 1874, 

 pp. 354, 435. 



Loc. cit. 9 Loc. cit. 



1 " Untersuchungen iiber die Grundsubstanz des hyalinen Knorpels." Wiirzburg: A. 

 Stuber, 1880. 



11 See: Wm. Hunter "On the Structure and Diseases of Articular Cartilages," Philosophi- 

 cal Transactions, vol. xlii., p. 514, London, 1742-43 ; M. de L&sone, " Second Memoire sur 

 1'Organization des Os," Mem. de 1'Academie Roy. des Sciences, tome Ixix., Paris, 1752; 

 more recently, also, Hoppe, Virchow's Archiv, v., p. 175. 



12 Loc. cit., p. 401; and " Ueber die librill&re Structur des hyalinen Knorpels." Archiv 

 f. Anatomie u. Physiologie, Anat. Abth., 1877, p. 9. 



is "On the Structure of Hyaline Cartilage." Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. x., 

 Part I., October, 1875. 



