INFLAMMATION. 355 



the emigration of colorless blood-corpuscles. According to his view, the wall 

 of the blood-vessel in the exposed and expanded mesentery and the tongue of 

 toads becomes perforated in the circumference of the corpuscle lying next to 

 it, and the aperture in the wall left by the corpuscle is closed by the 

 restorative power of the blood. That a real emigration takes place was a 

 mere conclusion of his, and so was the assertion that the emigrated colorless 

 blood-corpuscles were the mucus- and pus-corpuscles, which first appear along 

 the walls of the blood-vessels. 



S. Strieker,* in 1865, observed in tadpoles, immobilized by curara, 

 colored blood-corpuscles, which were incarcerated in the wall of a capillary 

 blood-vessel, so that a portion of the corpuscle was inside, another portion 

 outside the capillary, and both portions were connected by a slender neck 

 within the wall of the vessel. He concluded that the red blood-corpuscles 

 could pass the wall of the vessel without a rupture, in a manner termed 

 1 1 diapedesis " by former pathologists. 



J. Cohnheim,t in 1867, asserted that an emigration of colorless blood-cor- 

 puscles actually occurs, he having observed these bodies to pass through the 

 wall of the vessel. He saw that the inner portion of the corpuscle decreased and 

 the outer gradually increased in size, then that the corpuscle was attached to 

 the wall by means of a thin pedicle, and finally detached entirely from the outer 

 wall. Unfortunately, this observer came to the conclusion that the emigration 

 of colorless blood-corpuscles is the principal factor in the process of inflam- 

 mation, and that the entire mass of inflammatory corpuscles is nothing more 

 than an aggregation of such emigrated corpuscles, while the tissue itself 

 simply perishes, and its elements take no part whatever in the inflammatory 

 process. A few authors have accepted this view of Cohnheim. They have 

 spoken again of an organizing exudate, meaning the corpuscular elements of 

 the blood, and had they but known whence came this enormous quantity of 

 inflammatory corpuscles, the whole process of inflammation would have been 

 very clear and simple to them. 



S. Strieker t has, since 1870, strenuously opposed the views of Cohnheim. 

 He demonstrated that each of the former theories contained some truth, and 

 that from a combination the whole truth can be deduced. He proved the 

 necessity of the presence of blood-vessels and nerves for the origin of inflam- 

 mation, agreeing with the theory of the humoral pathologists, and showed that 

 the connective-tissue cells themselves participate actively in the inflammatory 

 process by swelling, dividing, and subdividing, in accordance with the views 

 of the cellular pathologists. He was the first to prove the correctness of the 

 hypothesis of John Hunter that the cells, and consequently the tissues, in 

 inflammation return to a juvenile condition, in which the cells are enlarged, 

 become amreboid and proliferate, while the "intercellular substance" is 

 liquefied and destroyed. That an emigration of colorless blood-corpuscles 

 really takes place in inflammation is a granted fact. 



Strieker was not aware that the basis-substance ( " intercellular sub- 

 stance") itself contains a large amount of living matter, and consequently 

 held that the inflammatory corpuscles are an offspring of the "connective- 

 tissue cell" and its coarser offshoots only. Neither did he know that at first 





' Studien iiber den Bau und das Leben der capill. Blutgefasse." Sitzungsber. d. 



1 Wiener Akad. d. Wissensch, 1865. 



t " Ueber Entziindung und Eiterung." Virchow's Archiv, Bd. xl. 



t "Studieu aus dem Institute f. Experimentelle Pathologic in Wien," 1870. And a 

 number of articles of Strieker and Ins pupils in " Wiener Mediz. Jahrbiicher," 1871-1881. 



