INFLAMMATION. 415 



section of the living matter were enlarged, wherefrom resulted a coarse 

 granulation of the gray substance. In many places, with the highest powers 

 of the microscope, the points of intersection of the reticulum were clustered 

 together to such an extent that lightly granular, nearly homogeneous, groups 

 appeared, each of which was surrounded by a light rim. Owing to an aug- 

 mented afflux of nourishing material, the formations of living matter had 

 evidently very much increased in size, and by approaching each other pro- 

 duced densely granular or homogeneous lumps of living matter, with the 

 appearance of indifferent or medullary elements. In certain places, the whole 

 mass of the gray substance had been transformed into such medullary cor- 

 puscles, between which bundles of non-medullated nerve-fibers and blood- 

 vessels, mainly capillary in nature, were still recognizable. 



The nerve-fibers traversing the gray substance were mostly increased in 

 size, and transformed into beaded fibers or chains of small homogeneous 

 lumps. The blood-vessels, besides being completely obstructed with red 

 blood-corpuscles, exhibited changes in their endothelial walls identical with 

 those described above in connection with the white substance. 



The nuclei of the gray substance were mostly very coarsely granular ; the 

 nucleoli especially had increased in size, and looked as if split up into a num- 

 ber of coarse granules. More especially in the carmine-stained specimens I 

 often observed larger spaces, identical with the periganglionic space, either 

 empty or holding extremely delicate granules. These spaces, so-called vacuoles, 

 very probably had formed by an accumulation of a serous exudation around 

 the nuclei, by which either a certain amount of the surrounding gray substance 

 was pushed in a peripheral direction, or a certain amount of living matter 

 destroyed. The fine granules within the above spaces, consequently, were 

 either coagulated albumen or remnants of the former reticulum of living 

 matter. 



New formation of nuclei in the inflamed gray substance is of very common 

 occurrence. Within the spaces just described I sometimes saw one large and 

 two or three small nuclei, which, being in contact with their flattened sur- 

 faces, looking toward each other, allow of the conclusion that they had origi- 

 nated by a process of division of the original single nucleus. 



New formation of nuclei, doubtless, takes place independently of former 

 nuclei in the gray substance. I have seen repeatedly clusters of bioplasson 

 near the wall of the abscess, with irregular outlines and holding a large num- 

 ber of oblong nuclei. Such multi-nuclear masses are evidently produced by 

 the confluence of bioplasson bodies (emigrated colorless corpuscles Ziegler),. 

 or by the formation of territories previous to their division into inflammatory 

 elements. 



The ganglionic elements within the inflamed brain-tissue exhibit a series 

 of changes of great interest. Nearest to the abscess a number of ganglionic 

 elements had swelled and been transformed into almost homogeneous, indis- 

 tinctly granular bodies, still characterized by the presence of offshoots and a 

 deep carmine stain. No doubt, the swelling of these elements is due to an 

 inundation with exudation, which leads to a stretching and breaking apart 

 of the reticulum of living matter therein. 



The capillaries of regions where such swelled ganglionic elements are 

 numerous are considerably dilated, their endothelial coat is partly thinned, 

 partly thickened, by endogenous new growth, and their perivascular sheath 

 enormously widened. In this space I have seen faint granules and pale gran- 



