806 



THE URINE. 



chronic forms of croupous nephritis. The granular casts are 

 probably due to the disintegration of the kidney epithelia and 

 the lining endothelia ; they, however, are seen sometimes also in 

 acute croupous nephritis especially in children after scarlet 

 fever and diphtheria. Fatty casts indicate fatty degeneration of 

 the kidneys, secondary to croupous nephritis. In all these 



FIG. 368. VARIETIES OF CASTS IN CHRONIC CROUPOUS NEPHRITIS. 



The series a shows casts from convoluted tubules of the second order; the series b, casts 

 i the narrow portion of the loop-tubules ; the series c, casts from the straight collecting 

 ales. G, granular casts ; F, fatty casts ; W, waxy casts. Magnified 500 diameters. 



instances the substance of the cast is the same, and only the 

 outer adhering formations give the difference in the appearance. 

 Waxy casts are different in their chemical nature from hyaline 

 casts, being characterized by a yellowish color, a great refracting 

 power, wavy or fluted outlines, and a high degree of brittleness. 



