THE URINE. 809 



corpuscles, and shreds of connective tissue are found, ulceration 

 and stricture may be suspected, more particularly if, in addition 

 to the above-named formations, epithelia of the prostate make 

 their appearance. 



Prostatitis, occurring in young men subject to intense sexual 

 excitement, and often mistaken for spermatorrhoea, may be diag- 

 nosticated by the presence of an increase of mucus, pus-cor- 

 puscles, and prostatic epithelia. After involuntary emissions of 

 semen, spermatozoids are found in the urine. In all cases of so- 

 called spermatorrhoea that have come under my observation, 

 prostatitis was found to exist. In one case, the urine that was 

 first passed from the urethra proved to be purulent, while the 

 later portions were transparent ; and many of the pus-corpuscles 

 exhibited long cilia, as if a spermatozoid had been transformed 

 into a pus-corpuscle. This feature rendered the diagnosis " sup- 

 purative inflammation of one vesicula spermatica " highly prob- 

 able, and was in accordance with the clinical facts. Prostatic epi- 

 thelia and prostatic concretions, together with the characteristics 

 of cystitis, allow the conclusion of hypertrophy of the prostate. 



Vaginitis is characterized by the presence of numerous vaginal 

 epithelia, partly studded with micrococci and pus-corpuscles. 

 The large cuboidal and columnar epithelia appear in the more 

 intense degrees of vaginitis, and a large number of connective- 

 tissue shreds are also found in ulcerative vaginitis. Mild forms 

 of vaginitis are observed in almost all women suffering from 

 endometritis, more particularly after the delivery of children. 

 Vaginal epithelia may be completely absent in the urine of small 

 girls and virgin matrons. 



Cervicitis may be diagnosticated by the presence of cervical 

 epithelia and pus-corpuscles ; ulcerative cervicitis is marked by 

 the shreds of connective tissue, in addition to the usual epithelia 

 and pus-corpuscles. 



Endometritis shows in the urine ciliated columnar epithelia of 

 the mucosa of the uterus and ciliated pus-corpuscles arising from 

 them. Ulcerations are marked by the presence of shreds of con- 

 nective tissue and blood. How far the diagnosis of tumors of 

 the uterus is admissible from the examination of urine, I am 

 unable to tell from my own experience. 



Cystitis may be recognized both in its acute and chronic 

 stages. In acute cystitis the urine may be acid, containing a 

 varying amount of pus-corpuscles and epithelia from upper and 

 middle layers of the bladder, the latter exhibiting the character- 



