FRACTURES OF BONES. 149 



There are two positions in which the limb is maintained when 

 suffering from this injury — namely, semi-flex, with the foot in 

 advance, or semi-flex with the foot behind, knuckling over, the 

 toe only touching the ground and turned inward. 



Treatmext. — Place in slings and bring the part, if possible, 

 in proper position and bandage. When the process of caries or 

 necrosis takes place, the diseased or detached fragments of bone 

 are to be cut down upon and removed, but as a rule an animal 

 receiving such a fracture should be destroyed. Fracture often 

 takes place from the horse falling in the cart, the elbow being 

 thrown across the shaft, and both the radius and ulna being 

 broken through to the articulation. This lesion cannot be 

 treated. The beak of the olecranon is sometimes broken; this 

 cannot be cured. If the radius is broken in combination with 

 the ulna it may be successfully treated. 



FEACTURE OF THE KNEE. 



Fracture of the knee is caused by kicks and falls, concussion, 

 etc. As a rule, we do not treat such cases, but if the animal be 

 valuable for breeding purposes, it is worth while to attempt 

 treatment. 



Symptojis — There is extensive swelling, lameness, and crepi- 

 tus may be detected. 



Treatment. — Absolute rest; apply the plaster of Paris band- 

 age and place in slings. After a few weeks' rest the animal may 

 be gently exercised. This is necessary owang to the liability of 

 anchylosis taking place. 



FRACTURE OF THE SCAPULA. 



The tubercle on the sj)ine of the scapula sometimes becomes 

 fractured, usually caused by injury, as external violence of any 



