160 THE STOCK OWNEe's ADVISER. 



Treatment. — Eemove loose teeth and bone, bring the parts 

 in position, and secure by means of copper wire, bound firmly 

 around the incisor teeth. If the animal be a male the tushes may 

 be included in the wire. Apply a calico bandage, and support the 

 patient with liquid food for several days, fed from a shallow 

 vessel. Recovery takes place in a very short time. 



Lower Jaw. — The lower jaw is often injured by the bit, espe- 

 cially if a 230werful curb bit is used and the animal hard to re- 

 strain. There will be a dribbling of saliva, swelling of the 

 mucous membrane, and pain. The animal shies when the mouth 

 is touched; difficult mastication; perhaps hemorrhage from the 

 mouth. 



Treatment. — Remove the diseased bones, feed on soft diet, 

 and clean the w^ound occasionally. If the wound is discharging 

 fetid material, a solution of carbolic acid should be used. 



Fracture of the rami of the lower jaw is generally caused by 

 falling. Mastication is rendered difficult, or even impossible. 

 There will be swelling and crepitation. When the broken ends 

 of the bone are brought together, means to retain them in their 

 proper position must be resorted to. The copper wire and ban- 

 dages already referred to may be used; but if the fracture is 

 situated posterior to the tush, something more than this is re- 

 quired. A good apparatus for holding the bones together is the 

 face cradle recommended by Professor Varnell, of London. It 

 is a very good apparatus, but not always easy of access. But we 

 must not despair if we do not possess any other splints than such 

 as may be made at the time. Thin strijDS of bass-wood acted upon 

 by water and applied to the parts do very well; gutta percha may 

 be moulded to the parts after they have been brought together. 

 The animal should be supported on liquid foods, and the case 

 watched to see that reunion takes place in the proper manner. 



NASAL BONES. 



This fracture occurs rathef frequently from runaway horses 

 coming in contact with hard substances, such as lamp-posts, telo- 



