A SPKAIN OK STKAIN. 189 



Symptoms. — In some cases there will be heat and swelling 

 over the course of the muscles on the outer surface of the 

 scapula or shoulder blade, and in the joint itself; but in the ma- 

 jority of cases, lameness does not appear until there is consid- 

 erable wasting of the muscles. There will be the unnatural 

 bulging of the shoulder, as mentioned before, and a hollow space 

 upon either side of the scapular spine, extending its whole 

 length. The muscles involved are the antea spinatus, postea 

 spinatus, and teres exturnus, and sometimes the flexor brachii. 



Treatment. — Rest, hot and cold applications, followed with 

 a liniment composed of equal parts of aqua ammonia, turpen- 

 tine, and linseed oil every four hours. It may be necessary to 

 use a strong blister of cantharides of usual strength. Setons are 

 highly recommended, but my experience has been that where 

 the atrophy is not too great, the above treatment is the best 

 course to pursue. It will take six weeks or two or three months 

 for the muscles to develop. When the muscles begin to appear, 

 give light exercise, as in a buggy. Low horsemen make a little 

 opening and blow air into the areolar tissue, which gives the 

 shoulder a normal appearance. Shoulder slip constitutes an un- 

 soundness. 



DISEASE OF THE SHOULDER JOINT 



May arise from various causes, but it is not a frequent seat of 

 lameness. If the disease is not checked, the capsular ligament 

 becomes changed, distended with synovia; the removal of the 

 articular cartilage ultimately ends in anchylosis of the joint. 



Symptoms. — The animal carries the limb with a rotary mo- 

 tion, the limb being thrown outwards and the toe made to form 

 the segment of a circle. In some cases the toe of the foot is 

 dragged or trailed on the ground. (See Fig. 39.) There will be 

 pain in raising the foot from the ground. AVhen standing the 

 foot of the afflicted limb is held a little behind the sound one. 

 On extending the limb the animal will rear. The parts should be 

 extended and the animal trotted out immediately, when usually 

 the lameness is increased. The lameness will d?Ci"ease by exer- 



