DISEASES OF THE MALE ORGANS OF GENERATION. 307 



hobble passes through its projecting link the end of the chain, 

 which is then passed from the inside through the link of the off 

 fore hobble, and from the outside through the link of the off 

 hind hobble, and from the inside through the link of the near 

 hind hobble, and up again to the main hobble, and screwed 

 end secured in the space by the key. One or two men lay hold 

 of the rope across his back, and three or four men lay hold of the 

 free end of the rope and chain, and at a given signal all pull. 

 The animal's fore legs are thus drawn together and he is pulled 

 over by the men holding to the rope that crosses his back. The 

 chain is drawn as tight as possible, and the key into the last link 

 of the chain passed through the link of the main hobble, and 

 then screwed up to prevent it slipping. It is unloosed by simply 

 unscrewing the key and removal of the straps. 



ANATOMY. 



It is necessary that the operator understand the anatomy of 

 the parts. As such cannot be given in this work, the reader 

 must gain the knowledge by works on anatomy. The principal 

 parts met with, however, will be pointed out. 



The testicular envelopes, passing from without inward, are 

 represented by the scrotum, the dartos, the cellular coat, the 

 tunica erythrodia, formed by the cremaster, and the fibrous and 

 serous or vaginal sac. The scrotum is a continuation of the 

 skin, and forms a complete bag, common to both testicles, which 

 it contains and covers. It is divided into two lateral halves by 

 a raphe or median line. It easily contracts to its shrunken con- 

 dition, and may be closely drawn ii]) into the inguinal canal. 



The second envelope, the dartos, is a ))rohTngation of the 

 tunica abdominalis, and is a yellow, fibrous structure, forming 

 two distinct sacs resting upon each other, and lying on the in- 

 side of the scrotum, to which it is intimately adherent. 



The next envelope is represented by the tunica erythrodia, 

 which is the cremaster muscle, and from the lumbar region ex- 

 tends itself downwards into the inguinal canal, along the outside 



