360 THE STOCK owner's ADVISEE. 



PNEUMONIA. 



Inflammation of the Parenchyma or Lung Substance. — 

 One or both lungs may be affected. When both lungs are affected 

 to any great extent, death is the nsual tennination. 



There are three stages of pneumonia. The first stage is that 

 of hypertemia, characterized by an excess of blood in the part. 

 "When a portion of the lung will float on being placed in water, 

 the condition is known as splenization. 



The second stage is known as red hepatization. At this time 



the lung has undergone a more or less destructive process, and 



will readily sink on being placed in water. In case the patient 



hould recover from this condition, the exudate will be removed, 



-ifter liquefying, by the process of absorption. 



The third stage is gray hepatization, in contra-distinction to red 

 hepatization. 



Cause. — Exposure to cold and wet, sudden chills, housing in 

 cold, draughty stables. It may be caused by irritating gases, by 

 smoke, foreign bodies entering the lungs. Medicine of an irri- 

 table character finding its way into the lungs may produce pneu- 

 monia. It is most frequently seen in sudden changes in the 

 weather, or when the animal is allowed to cool down too suddenly 

 after heating. 



Symptoms. — The disease is ushered in by rigors. Respirations 

 are affected slightly at first. The pulse beats about eighty per 

 minute; the temperature rises to 104 to 106 degrees. A dry, dull 

 cough is present. The ears and legs are alternately hot and cold. 

 The animal does not lie do^^^l, but will wander about in his stall 

 in a listless manner, and may take a mouthful of food at intervals. 

 The respirations vary according to the severity of the disease. 

 The horse will seek fresh air. Percussion, if over the region of 

 the diseased lung, yields a dull sound. The right lung is more 

 frequently affected than the left. In cases likely to terminate 

 fatally, the pulse runs up, becoming quicker and weaker, and the 

 respirations become increased. The nostrils flap, with a brownish 



