DISEASES OF THE STOMACH A^D INTESTINES. 389 



nmcli straining, and tlic rectnni and anns are irritable and in- 

 flamed. AVitli the liquid fa?ces there may be hardened pellets, 

 mixed Avitli blood. There will be abdominal pain, great dullness, 

 thirst, and rapid emaciation. 



Treatment. — A pint of linseed oil should be administered, 

 followed by opium and chalk, in similar quantities as recom- 

 mended in the treatment of diarrhoea. Such stimulants as ale, 

 beer, and whiskey may be used. • Should these not succeed, 

 styptics, as the oil of turpentine, or astringents, as tannic acid, 

 alum, or the chloride of iron, may be used in three-drachm doses 

 three times a day. The strictest attention should be paid to the 

 diet. When the disease becomes of a chronic nature, cod-liver 

 oil and eggs mixed should be administered. Four or five ounces 

 of this may be given in a day. 



CONSTIPATION. 



Constipation is a symptom of disease. It consists of an undue 

 accumulation of faeces, and may be due to too great or rapid 

 absorption of the fluids of the intestinal canal, as seen in febrile 

 disorders. It is a symptom of liver and intestinal disorders. The 

 kind of food may exercise some influence in producing constipa- 

 tion. 



SvMPTOMS. — The fa:>ces are passed in hard pellets, and are 

 coated with mucous. Abdominal pain is present. The animal 

 paws and rolls, but not in as violent a manner as in colic. The 

 faeces generally accumulate in the colon, giving rise to impaction 

 of that portion of the bowel, as previously described. 



Treatment.- — See Impaction of the Colon. 



INTESTINAL CONCRETIONS 



Are found in the large intestines. They consist of masses of hard 

 material, round in shape, formed of salts of lime and magnesia. 

 If a section be made of the calculus, it will be found to consist 

 of layers arranged around a nucleus, generally consisting of a 

 piece of iron or pebble. They are found most frequently in ani- 



