DISEASES OF THE KIDiSfEYS. 421 



INVERSION OF THE BLADDER. 



This frequently occurs in the cow and mare, and usually fol- 

 lows difficult parturition, but may result from debility. It is 

 detected by a small and reddened tumor-like substance protrud- 

 ing from the vulva. The urine escapes dribbling down over the 

 thighs. 



Treatment. — Bathe the bladder with warm water and tinc- 

 ture of opium, and return it to its place as soon as possible. The 

 vagina may afterwards be injected with warm water. The hind 

 quarters should be elevated, and opium tincture may be given 

 by the mouth in ounce doses. If the case has been neglected and 

 the bladder becomes gangrenous, it should be removed by the 

 ecraseur. The urine ^yill then escape through the ureters and 

 run over the thigh. 



CYSTIC CALCULI. 



Cystic calculi are said to originate in the limestone districts. 

 I have always doubted whether the water from limestone dis- 

 tricts would cause calculi. I am now convinced of the fact that 

 calculi are more frequent in limestone districts. I have made 

 observations regarding this in my practice in the limestone belts 

 of the Xorth, and in the low, sandy, cotton belts of the South. 

 A very minute portion of foreign matter may be present in the 

 bladder and act as a nucleus around which the calcarious mate- 

 rial is deposited. 



Symptoms. — A single calculus or numljcrs may exist in the 

 bladder at one time. The urine becomes white or milky in color, 

 and when being voided, instead of a full, round stream, the flow 

 may be suddenly checked by the presence of the calculi. The 

 animal will stand in the position for urinating, and after several 

 attempts may succeed in voiding it. The urine may dribble 

 away at times and be tinged with blood. To make certain of the 

 condition, all that is required Ls an examination per rectum, when 

 the calculi may be felt. 



