422 THE STOCK owner's ADVISER. 



Treatment. — If the patient ue in a limestone country, change 

 the water and give rain water. The animal should be given 

 plenty of salt and be put on a course of hydrochloric acid; 

 drachm doses should be used twice a day for a week. 



In case the calculi are large the operation of lithotomy may 

 be performed. This operation is somewhat difficult in the male, 

 but may be easily performed in the female. This should be en- 

 trusted to the surgeon. 



URETHRAL CALCULI. 



These differ from cystic calculi only in their situation. "When 

 the calculi pass out of the bladder into the urethra they are 

 known as urethral calculi. Cattle troubled with urinary calculi 

 generally have calcarious deposits on the hair around the pre- 

 puce. They may set up an inflammation of the urethra of the 

 ox and cause stricture. In such a case, as the catheter cannot be 

 passed, the only remedy is to cut into the urethra and divide the 

 stricture. This operation in cattle is performed with difficulty. 

 The calculi can be removed from mares and cows with ease. 

 This may be done by lubricating a forceps, passing it in the 

 meatus urinarius and urethra, getting a hold on the calculus and 

 removing it. Injections in the bladder may remove them, or a 

 small spoon may be used. 



HAEMATURIA, OR BLOODY URINE. 



This is frequently a symptom of calculi. A sprain across the 

 loins, causing rupture of some of the Idood vessels, may give 

 rise to haematuria. The cause of the hemorrhage should be 

 ascertained. If found to be due to calculi, treat as for calculi. 

 If the hemorrhage is from the kidneys, plumbi acetas, grains" 

 twenty, in combination with three or four drachms of the tinc- 

 ture of the chloride of iron may be used. 



PARALYSIS OF THE BLADDER. 



This condition may be caused by the urine not being passed 

 freely, the bladder not emptying itself during the passage. The 



