432 THE STOCK owner's AL)\ISER. 



the sulphate of iron may be given with advantage. Decoctions 

 made of quassia, gentian, or wormwood, given as an enema, may 

 be tried. The introduction of a small piece of mercurial oint- 

 ment into the rectum is said to act very well. The animal's con- 

 dition should be attended to, and effort must be made to render 

 his body an unfit habitation for parasites. If the condition of the 

 animal is good, parasites are not seen; or, if present, they will not 

 multiply. 



STEONGYLUS TETRACANTHUS. 



These worms are found in the caecum, and when matured are 

 found in other portions of the bowels. The symptoms are not 

 observed until several hours before death. They may wound the 

 walls of the A^essels, so as to cause intestinal hemorrhage and 

 diarrhoea. A cure may be effected. 



Treatment. — Give oil of tar in one or two drachm doses, night 

 and morning, for several weeks. 



BACTEEIA. 



The vegetable organisms, which have been found connected 

 with the disease of animals, are ])lants in which no distinction 

 exists between stem and leaf, belonging to the class of fungi. 

 The pathological fungi are of three kinds — bacteria, yeast, and 

 molds. The bacteria, besides causing putrefaction and several 

 of the fermentations, include most of the organisms which are 

 believed to produce infective diseases. They are, therefore, by 

 far the most important group. They are rounded, ovoid, or 

 spiral in shape; are unicellular and devoid of chlorophyll. They 

 consist of protoplasm enclosed in a membrane, having a great 

 affinity for certain stains, and, in common with vegetable mat- 

 ters, are not destroyed by ammonia, potash, or weak acids. They 

 have the power of production, and some of them have motion. 



Each variety of fungus seems to differ more or less from all 

 others in its food requirements, but all must be supplied with the 

 materials of which they consist. These are carbon, hydrogen, 



