CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 439 



nizaHe. It heals in a few days, leaving no cicatrix. In other 

 cases these nodules become confluent, giving rise to an excavated 

 ulcer of considerable extent, with irregular margins, which, how- 

 ever,- usually heals quickly, leaving a cicatrix. In another form 

 of the affection, the epithelium is raised in the fonn of small 

 vesicles, which contain either a clear or slightly turbid fluid, and 

 leave behind shallow, round excavations, with smooth edges." 



The visible external signs are shivering, muscular twitdhings, 

 restlessness, often a husky cough, and yawning. Great dullness 

 is shown, with dropping of the ears, sometimes with excitement 

 approaching delirium, loss of appetite, suspension of rumination, 

 and secretion of milk is arrested. As the disease advances, the 

 animal incessantly grinds its teeth, arches the back, draws its 

 legs together, and moans. The eyes, mouth, and nose are at first 

 dry, hot, and red; the legs and ears generally cold. At first the 

 bowels are constipated, but this condition is succeeded by violent 

 purging, and the dry condition of the eye, mouth, and nose is 

 followed by a discharge. The expiratory movement is rather 

 long, and accompanied by a low moan. The animal w'ill show 

 colicky pains, and the intestinal discharges, at first black, become 

 a pale greenish-brown color. 



Some few are said to recover. In such cases it is observed 

 that the skin over the neck becomes covered with a yellowish 

 sebaceous secretion, but there are no vesicles or pustules. While 

 the disease is highly contagious, it is found that some cattle 

 resist its influence, remaining healthy while surrounded with the 

 plague. The post-mortem appearances of the cattle plague vary 

 in (lifl'erent stages. In the first stage, there is congestion of the 

 mucous membranes throughout the body. The surface of the 

 mucous membrane is covered with a vesicle, tenacious and with 

 a bloody secretion. The membrane is denuded of its epithelium, 

 and the submucous tissue is charged with a turbid semi-fluid 

 exudate. The first stomach shows patches of congestion, and in 

 some cases sloughing of the membrane has been observed. The 

 third stomach is impacted, the contents dry and caked, and 



