2 FOREST UTII.IZATKiX. 



the purpose for which it is better adapted thau any other avail- 

 able material. Then only can a forest respond most fully to the 

 interests of society, as well as those of its owner, for then 

 only will it yield the gi-eatest pecuniary return. There was, 

 however, a time when it was not considered compatible with 

 good forestry to attempt to make a forest yield the best financial 

 results ; a forest was looked upon as a means of satisfying, with- 

 out any speculative motive, the direct and indirect national 

 requirements. ]3ut this manner of regarding forests is unsatis- 

 factory, as the importance of any jiroperty is most fully 

 recognized and its protection best secured when itself and its 

 produce possess a considerable sale-value. The profit obtained 

 from careful forest-management is small when compared with 

 that from other productive industries, and apparently will 

 not improve, as substitutes for wood come more and more into 

 use. So much the more, therefore, in the interests of both 

 national economy and forestry, should every forest-owner 

 endeavour to increase as much as possible the pecuniary yield of 

 his woodlands, provided that at the same time he works within 

 the bounds prescribed by good forest management. Forest 

 utilization should therefore always keep in view the possibility 

 of a steady improvement of the forest revenue, without pre- 

 judice to its maintenance or future enhancement. 



The foregoing remarks lead us to define the science of Forest 

 Utilization as a systematic arranfjcment of the most appropriate 

 methods of harvestinrj, conrertiiifi and profitahly dis2)osivfi if 

 forest i)roducc, in accordance n-'ith tlw results of e.r2)erience and 

 study. 



Wood is the chief product of forests, and the aim of forest 

 management is at present chiefly directed to its production, 

 liesides wood, there are other useful products, which are derived 

 either from the trees or the soil of forests. As most of them, 

 however, are relatively inferior in value to wood, and their pro- 

 duction is bound-up with the existence of forests, they are 

 considered as accessory or minor produce. A distinction is thus 

 made between principal and minor forest produce. 



A forest owner is, as a rule, only concerned in the rough 

 conversion of the produce of his forest, so as to facilitate its 

 transport. Sometimes, however, and for certain kinds of 



