DEFECTS AND EXSOUNDXESS. 



75 



[In hot, moist regions, as in India, the power of occlusion is much 

 more rapid than in Europe, and the transhxtor has seen hirge clean 

 wounds in mango trees become completely occluded within a few 

 years. — Tr] 



Wounds arise from blazing, cutting letters, peeling by game, 

 abrasures of bark by a falling tree, lightning, hail, the use of 

 climbing-irons, &c. 



Hess has repeatedly drawn attention to the serious damage 



Fig. is. 



a. Wounds by climbing-irons. //. Wavy wood occluding the wounds. 

 c. Dark patches of incipient decay, d. Unoccluded wound. 



done to trees by the use of climbing-irons, which may render 

 their future use as timber impossible. 



Pruning living branches may be added to the above forms of 

 injuries, unless certain precautions are taken. "UTienever a 

 stump of a branch is left without a small sap-lifting branch to 

 assist its occlusion, this stump gradually decays and com- 

 municates decay to the trunk of the tree. If a blunt stump 

 pointing upwards be left, it may eventually become occluded, 

 but a knob is formed which usually covers decay. Such 



