DURABILITY. 



Wood used under water at shipping ports and stores of wood 

 kept under water at these phxces, are subject to the attacks of cer- 



F;g. •22. 



The teredo. (After Boppe.) 



tain animals. Some small crustaceans, Limnoria icrahrans* 

 Leach, and Chelura terehrans* Philippi, bore into and gnaw 



Fig. 23. 



Borings of tlie teretlo. (After Boppe.) 



the surface of all woods in sea- water. Teredo navalis,\ L. (figs. 

 22, 23), and other species of Teredo, are however the most 

 destructive pests of south European seaports. 



[These mollusks live only in sea-water and bore not only the 

 sapwood, but also the heartwood of all kinds of timber, except 

 the jarrah;}: {Eucalyptus marginata). Ships, the bottoms of which 

 are not covered with copper, suffer greatly from their damages. 



* Vide Ratzeburg's Forxtitisectenkiuidx, hv Judeich and Xitsche. 1889, p. 337 /f. 

 + Vide Eiicyclopa-dia Brit. 1888, vol. xxiii. p. 184. 

 X Laslett, op. cit. p. 5. 



