13-i INDUSTRIAL USES OF WOOD. 



Cembrnn pine and lurch yield excellent wood. The joiner always 

 prefers fine-ringed coniferous wood, free from knots, to coarser 

 material, except in cheaply run-up buildings. Amongst broad- 

 leaved woods oakwood is preferred, and is largely used for 

 parquetry floors, for which the blocks are specially prepared by 

 machinery. It is also used in short, flat, planed pieces, and 

 beechwood is employed in the same manner. Oakwood is 

 less frequently used for friezes, door- and wall-panels. Oak 

 panelling made of wood showing the silver grain is used in 

 dining-halls, staircases, churches and other public edifices. 



Oak is also used for staircases, and so is beechwood, and ash 

 is often turned for banisters. 



Fine mosaic parquetry floors are made of woods of difterent 

 colours, such as oak, walnut, birch, teak, &c., and cut in difterent 

 ways as regards the grain. Some of the woods used are coloured 

 by strong acids, others preserve their natural tints. 



2. Cdbiiu't-HKihiiKi. 



Furniture is now-a-days made more in factories than by 

 individual makers. It makes a greater demand on the quality 

 and variety of the wood used than joiners' work, and equals it in 

 the quantity of wood used. 



Sawn timber is used in the form of planks and scantling and 

 round wood of all dimensions. Veneer of finely marked wood 

 is also frequently used to face coarser material, and its use is 

 justified by the fact that these thin strips of wood do not crack, 

 as is always more or less the case with solid woodwork. 



Only the more valuable hardwoods are used in the round by 

 the cabinet-maker. 



All kinds of wood are used, and for coarser furniture, kitchens, 

 cupboards, school-benches, frames, chests, cheap cottins, &c., 

 coniferous woods and soft broad-leaved woods are used. The 

 inner part of other furniture is made of these woods and then 

 veneer glued on to it, or they may be covered with upholstery. 

 Oakwood is often used for the inner part of the better kind of 

 veneered furniture. 



Solid furniture is made of broad-leaved species, such as oak, 

 walnut, cherry, birch, maple, ash, elm, il'c. There is, however, 



