130 IXDrsTPJAL USKS OF WOOD. 



Amongst softwoods of broad-lcavcd species, poplar-wood is 

 chiefly used, and that of the bhick pophir is preferred, the wood 

 of the white poplar being very subject to cup-shake. These 

 woods are of very uniform texture, and the spring-wood does not 

 shrink so much as in other woods, causing the summer-wood 

 to project beyond it and giving the veneer, which is glued outside 

 the piece of furniture, a wavy surface. 



3. Artistic (did Fajorj Wan:. 



The manufiicture of artistic and fancy ware forms a branch of 

 cabinet-making, and is used in the finer pieces of furniture, 

 picture-frames, clock-cases, &c. ; according to the present 

 fashion (old German, Italian, Kenaissance, Rococo styles, &c.) 

 it is more or less accompanied by artistic carving, inlaying with 

 metals, mosaic work, kc. 



Walnut, oak, fruit-trees, maples, birch and coniferous wood 

 are used, partly solid and partly veneered. 



Many exotic woods are used, especially mahogany and foreign 

 walnut, maple and ash-burrs ; also rosewood, satinwood, olive, 

 cedar and cypress wood, teak and pitch pine. 



Wooden frames for mirrors and pictures, which are largely 

 made in Saxon and Bavarian factories and also by individual 

 liandwork, are made chiefly of coniferous wood, but also of oak 

 and ash. 



4. Modcl-iiiakiii;!. 



All models used for cast-metal works, of machines, imple- 

 ments, &c. are chiefly made of coniferous planks and scantling 

 of the best quality and also of lime, maple, alder, ash, pear and 

 beechwood. The model-maker is a real artist in his line. 



5. Jl'ood for Tools and Implcincitts. 



Plane-boxes, turning-lathes, presses, joiners-benches, mangles, 

 handles of tools, &c., are chiefly made of beech, hornbeam, oak 

 and ash. The framew^ork of agricultural implements also uses 

 up much coniferous wood, as well as the above species. 



