SUNDRY USES OF SPLIT WOOD. 



153 



6. Trenails. 



Trenails aro wooden pegs of different sizes, the largest being 

 used in shipbuilding and smaller sizes by the cabinet-maker and 

 joiner, for fastening pieces of wood together ; the smallest kinds 

 are used by shoemakers. 



Ships' trenails are in lengths of 4, 8, 16, 28 inches, li to 

 3 inches thick, and are made of robinia, ash, and mulberry- 

 wood. Thirty-live stacked cubic feet yield on the average 200 

 trenails. 



Trenails used by jomers and cabinet-makers are made of the 

 wood of oak, frait-trees, beech, and even of coniferous wood, 

 besides that of robinia and ash. Shoemakers' pegs are made of 

 birch, hornbeam and sycamore. 



The larger kinds of trenails are made by machinery as 

 follows : — A round piece of wood is cut to the length of the nails, 

 and then placed on a sliding frame, which forces it against the 

 cutting-blade. It is thus Fig 47. 



split in one direction, and 

 then turned through an 

 angle of 1)0° and split 

 again. The split pieces 

 are then pointed conicall}' 

 by machines. 



Shoemakers' pegs are 

 similarly made, only here, 



as in fig. 47, the points are made by means of planes running 

 first along a Ji, and then along a c. The pieces are then split 

 vertically [a in). There are factories in Silesia where annually 

 35,000 cubic feet of wood are made into shoemakers' pegs. 



Large numbers of wooden toothpicks are made at Weissenfels 

 and other places, of soft, white wood, chiefly willow. 



7. Lead-Pencils. 



The best wood for lead-pencils is the so-called cedar {Juni- 

 penis viirjiniana, L., and J. hernuidiana, L.), but inferior 

 pencils are made of the wood of lime, spruce, Cembran pine and 

 poplar. The wood is partly split and partly planed into shape. 



