158 INDUSTRIAL USES OF WOOL). 



for carviug, mountain and Cembran pinewood for inferior work. 

 Besides carvings in which human figures and beasts are 

 imitated, ornamental furniture is largely made, and frames for 

 mirrors, clock-cases, &c. 



Numerous smaller articles, such as ash-trays, salad-spoons 

 and forks, paper-weights, napkin-rings, photograph-frames, Sec, 

 are produced in large numbers. There are now places, such as 

 Oberammergau, in which wood-carving, fostered by schools of 

 art, forms the chief occupation of the people. 



[Fine wood-carving has long been a specialty in India, and very 

 valuable art-furniture is now made in the Punjab and other provinces. 



-Tr.] 



A special form of wood-carving consists in the large wooden 

 type used for advertisements, notices, Sec. Pear and apple-wood, 

 sycamore and boxwood are chiefly used, and this industry has 

 its chief seat in Switzerland. 



[Wood-engravers use almost exclusively boxwood for their plates to 

 illustrate books and newspapers, and this wood is constantly becoming 

 rarer, selling at from £20 to £30 a ton in London. There is a con- 

 .sidcrable area of boxwood forest in the Himalayas, the jirotection of 

 which is highly advisable. — Tii.] 



Section XIV. — Turnery. 



The turner employs hard, homogeneous wood capable of being 

 polished, and besides using many exotic woods, such as box, 

 ebony, &c., prefers the wood of beech, sycamore, hornbeam, 

 service-tree, birch, aspen, yew, walnut and fruit-trees. Split 

 pieces of wood are chiefly used, and the turner purchases round 

 butts or split billets. 



Although the demands the turner makes on the forest are only 

 small, it is interesting to give an account of some of his wares. 

 Large wooden screws for wine or oil-presses are chiefly made 

 of the wood of pear, apple or hornbeam ; for mangles for press- 

 ing linen, of the same species, and also of sycamore, service- 

 tree and beech. Turned legs and other pieces for ornamental 

 furniture are chiefly of walnut-wood. Hat-moulds are made of 

 lime or alder-wood ; skittles are made of hornbeam, pear and 

 service-wood; bowls, of lignum-vitj^ ; shuttles, of boxwood; reels 



