LIST OF WOODS. 169 



lu Sweden attempts have been recently made to utilize tar- 

 oil mixed with benzine for lighting purposes. It is very doubtful 

 wbether alcohol will ever be distilled cheaply from wood. 



Pitch* is prepared by melting crude resin in iron pots over a 

 steadily increasing, but at first slow fire. The melted resin is 

 at first yellow, then brown, and lastly becomes converted into 

 black pitch. In order to expedite the process, and increase the 

 out-turn of pitch, a press is used which fits into the pot, 

 and is moved forward by means of a screw. The refuse after 

 the pitch has been pressed out is used for making lamp-black. 

 The forester has, however, little to do with any of the above- 

 mentioned industries. 



It is evident that compared with timber it is unimportant 

 in what form firewood is used for burning, or other purposes. 

 As a matter of fact, split and round billets, root-wood, and bundles 

 of faggots of the most variable kinds are so used. The dimensions 

 in which firewood is delivered for difierent purposes are the most 

 important items, and it may here be remarked, with reference to 

 later paragraphs on that subject, that a minute sub- division of 

 fuel-trees is generally most advisable. A rough reduction in 

 size is first undertaken in the forest, and the consumer completes 

 the process before using the wood. 



Sub-division III. — Woods arranged according to their Uses. 



In the following abstract of the technical uses to which wood 

 may be put, only its uses as timber are considered. The list first 

 contains the European woods, and then the most serviceable 

 foreign woods. 



1. JJ'oods of Bvoad-h'civrd Trees. 



Oakwood. — Used in logs and balks for superstructures, 

 hydraulic works, bridges, ship and boat-building, gate-posts ; as 

 scantling and boards for mill-wheels, railway-sleepers, mining 

 timber, joiners' work, cabinet-making ; for wheelwrights' work, 

 blocks, staves, bungs, sieve-frames, shingles, trenails, wood- 



* Karl Georg ililler, Die trockene Distillation, Leipzig, 18.58. Ad. Hohen- 

 stein, Die TeerJ'abricatioii, Wien, 1857 ; Ditto, Die Pottaschefabiicatioii, Wien, 

 1856. Joh. lVr.sch. Yei-wtTtunfr des Holzes anrcliemisclien Wege. 



