170 INDUSTRIAL USES OF WOOD. 



carving, pianoforte-making, turnery, window-frames, park- 

 palings, vine-stakes, hurdles, &c. 



It should be noted that the fiue-zoued, easily worked, softer 

 wood of the sessile oak is preferred to that of pedunculate 

 oak for all purposes making less demands on size, hardness, 

 strength and durability. The latter is preferable for construc- 

 tions of all kinds, for staves, wheelwrights' work, split-wood, S:c. 



Ashwood. — For pillars, stamping hammers, wheelwrights' 

 work, joinery implements, tool- and whip-handles, hurdles, 

 barrel-hoops, gymnastic apparatus, lance-shafts, rudders and 

 oars. Figured ash-wood is greatly in demand for furniture. 



Elmwood. — Used by the furniture-maker, undertaker and turner, 

 greatly in demand by the wheelwright ; for blocks and the inner 

 lining of ships. Figured elmwood is much esteemed ; the wood 

 of the common elm is generally more valuable than that of the 

 mountain elm. 



Sweet chestnut. — Used occasionally in superstructures, also 

 for furniture, gate-posts, park-palings, staves ; makes excellent 

 vine-stakes and hop-poles. 



Sycamore and maple. — Preferred by the cabinet-maker for 

 solid and veneered articles, parquetry, Sec. ; by the turner and 

 carver ; for articles made by the compass-saw, churns, musical 

 instruments, gunstocks and ornamental whip-handles. Figured 

 sycamore is very valuable [and so is bird's-eye maple. — Tr.] 



Limewood. — For fine carving, founders' patterns ; used under 

 veneer, for turnery, in pianos and organs, wooden shoes, papier- 

 mache, &c. 



Beechwood. — Joinery, for floors and staircases, in mills and 

 mines (stamping -hammers), railway -sleepers, street-paving 

 blocks, cabinet-making ; for bentwood furniture, pianos, car- 

 penters' benches, wheelwrights' work, slack barrels, agricultural 

 implements, packing-cases ; for coarse carved work, wooden 

 shoes, horse-collars, gunstocks, brushes, S:c. 



Hornbeam- wood. — AVheelwrights' work, in mills, machinery, 

 turnery, shoemakers' pegs and lasts, plane-boxes, carpenters' 

 benches, tool-handles, agricultural implements, ikc. 



Birchwood. — Joinery, furniture, wheelwrights' work, turnery, 

 bobbins, wood-carving, brushes, clogs, shoe pegs, coarse carved 

 wares, withes, brooms, &c. Figured birch- wood much prized by 

 cabinet-maker. 



