1B8 FELLlXt; AND CONVKU.sloX. 



out the organisation already described, and partly on local laws 

 regarding workman and employer. It is often very difficult to 

 enforce penalties against the Avoodcutter for non-fulfilment of the 

 contract, or agreement, made between him and the forest owner, 

 iilthough it may be advisable if possible to secure such an agree- 

 ment. "Whether an agreement is made with all woodcutters or 

 with some of them only, or with the foreman on behalf of the 

 other men, depends on the particular class of labourers to be 

 dcalt-with. "Woodcutters may be classified as follows : — 



(b) Non-associated ■Woodcutters. — "Where forest blocks arc 

 found scattered amongst agricultural lands, forestry is only 

 an accessory means of employment for the people, and no 

 regular gang of woodcutters exists. The men engaged for forest- 

 work are a motle}' crew following all callings and without any 

 connection with one another. The attachment binding the 

 woodcutter to the forest is in such cases generally of the slightest 

 kind, and even if a legal act of agreement be made between him 

 and the forest owner, it will be only of a temporary nature, 

 depending on his own interest and liking for the work. In this 

 class there is no association between the different woodcutters, 

 each man works independently of the others, or they may work 

 in pairs in the case of sawyers. 



Very often such a gang of woodcutters is composed of quite 

 different individuals at the close of a felling to those who com- 

 menced Avork on the same area. In such cases, if the forest- 

 manager wishes to secure attention to the most necessary 

 protective rules, he must make a separate aj/rccuioit uitJt ereri/ 

 Jalioiircr. 



(c) Associated Labour. — In extensive forest districts in plains 

 and mountains the conditions of labour differ greatly from the 

 above. The chief means of livelihood of the inhabitants are then 

 obtained from the forest and the Avork it affords ; the people 

 i^'onsider it mu honour for a man to be employed in the forest, 

 and forest Avork is preferred to all others Avhich may offer. 



A fcAv of the people possess all the best qualities of these Avood- 

 cutters, and are most attached to the forest and most trustAvorthy 

 in Avorking, and have much influence over the other men. In 

 such cases it is sufficient for the forest owner to make legal 

 {ajrecmenta Avilh the more influential Avoodcutters Avhen they are 



