WOODCUTTERS IMPLEMENTS. 



213 



The grubbing-axe serves for severing the exposed larger side- 

 roots, and is merely a small-edged felling-axe (fig. 107a) ; as, 

 however, it wears out rapidly owing to the stones, &c. with 



Fig. 106. 



Fig. 10, 



which it comes in contact, usually a worn axe no longer service- 

 able for felling trees is used for the purpose. 



In order to separate large spreading side-roots from the stump 

 of a tree, a saw is generally used in- 

 stead of an axe, and the ordinary 

 carpenters' frame-saw is preferred. 



Tough wooden levers, the size of a 

 cart-pole, and 6 to 10 feet long, which 

 are cut into wedges at one end, are 

 used for breaking up the side-roots 

 after they have been separated from 

 the stump. Besides these levers, 

 wooden wedges of different sizes are 



used and their use will be explained further on with the opera- 

 tion of uprooting stumps. 



A long iron wedge fitting over a wooden handle, the end of 

 which is surrounded by an iron ring, is also used in separating 

 deeply situated roots. 



Fig. Ill represents a hook which fits over a thin wooden pole, 

 and a rope is fastened to it by means of which, after the hook has 

 been attached to a branch, a tree may be pulled-over by the roots. 



