220 FELLINO AND CONVERSION. 



be divided into as many equal subdivisions as tbcre are parties 

 in a ganpf ; or in tbe case of secondary or selection fellings, or ex- 

 traction of large trees over underwood, a certain number of trees 

 may be allotted to each party of woodcutters. 



p]acli subdivision of tbe work is numbered and termed a lot, 

 and the parties draw numbers to decide on which lot they will 

 work. In forming the lots great care should be taken that the 

 distance over ^^hicll the material has to be moved is nearly the 

 same in each case, so that all the parties may have about the 

 same amount of work to do. 



The lots should not be too small, and especially not too 

 narrow, or the men would be subject to constant interruption 

 by those of an adjoining lot. On mountain- slopes they are 

 therefore placed side by side, running downhill. In such 

 places it is often advisable to leave lots between two parties 

 unallotted, on account of danger of accident from falling trees, 

 Arc, work on these intermediate lots being subsequently 

 undertaken. 



Some lots may also be reserved to be given afterwards to the 

 most industrious men, whom the manager wishes to keep con- 

 stantly employed in the forest. It is advisable to allow the 

 woodcutters themselves to distribute the lots amongst the 

 parties, so as to avoid all charges of partiality against the forest 

 manager. 



As regards the actual felling, ic is clear that sylvicultural 

 rules and those for giving the best outturn must be followed 

 by the men, so that the felling may be conducted with a care 

 for the trees and young plants which are allowed to remain on 

 the area, that the felled material is not wasted, and labour is 

 economised as much as possible. 



Here will be considered the different methods of felling trees, 

 their relative advantages and disadvantages, and the general rules 

 to be observed in the conduct of fellings. 



2. The (lifrrcitt Modes of Felling. 



The different modes of felling depend on the implements used; 

 they may be further distinguished as ; — utilization of the stem, 

 and of the roots and stump of a tree. 



I 



