248 FELLING AND CONVERSION. 



as in Saxony all wood used for paper-pulp (GO % of the total yield) 

 and mine-props is rifrhtly classified as timber, thouffli only as 

 lirewood in other countries. 



2 . '1 'i in be r- Assort m en ts . 



It is evident that the woodcutter cannot generally undertake 

 to prepare timber for the market in the ultimate form it assumes 

 when taken over by the different industries. This would require 

 much too extensive a knowledge of the latter. 



As a rule, therefore, it suffices to divide the trees into trans- 

 portable pieces whicli by their dimensions and qualities are 

 suitable as the raw material of an industry, or a whole group 

 of industries. The further detailed C(Hiversion may be left to 

 the special industries, or to the wood-merchant. In small 

 private forests, however, matters may go further in this respect. 



[The best example in Europe of detailed conversion as well as 

 labour-saving means of transport may be seen in the Sihlwald, 

 belonging to tlie town of Zurich, where under Forstmeister Meister, 

 tlie wood is converted on the spot into all kinds of eonunodities, 

 down to wood-wool for i)acking. — Th.] 



The various pieces into which a tree may be converted by 

 the woodcutter are termed rough assortments of timber, and may 

 be distinguished as follows: — 



(a) Timber. 



Besides the assortments described on pages lOO-lll, according 

 as the timber is in logs, planks and scantli)ig, or cloven, timber 

 has been popularly distinguished according to its destination for 

 building puri)oses, manufactures or agriculture. 



Building- timber is used in superstructures, bridges, embank- 

 ments, mines, roads, rnilways, or in ship and boat building. 



