156 



f?:lling and conversion. 



vi. Cuniersion of Poles. 



Poles suitable for pit-props, bop-poles, cart-poles, tclegrapb- 

 posts, ladders, sbafts, burdles, bean-sticks, cl'c, wbicb come partly 

 from tbe principal fellinjjfs, but cbiefly from tbinnings, present tbe 

 least difficulty in conversion. Tbe species, and tbe gi-eatest 

 possible degree of straigbtness, are tbe cbief points to be 

 attended to. 



In some cases it is necessary to leave tbe poles quite unsbortened, 

 as for bop-poles, wbere tbe brancbes are not lopped oft" close to 

 tbe stem, but snags of brancbes are left to assist tbe climbing of 



Fig. 126. 



Fig. 121 



\^ 



tbe bops. Sometimes tbe tops are left, as a proof tbat tbe poles 

 were not dead wben felled. Clotbes' props, and props for trees, 

 are also left forked at tbe top. Tbe top is removed from cart-poles. 



Tbe dimensions of tbe different assortments vary locally. 



Tbus, bop-poles may be between 16 and 30 feet (5 and 

 10 meters) in lengtb. Telegrapb-posts sbould be 7 to 10 incbes 

 (18 to 25 centimeters) in diameter, at one yard from tbe butt-end ; 



