270 FELLING AND CONVEKSIOX. 



rafters, fencing rails and pit-props, Wood for paper-pulp, which 

 is often taken in lengths of 25 — 50 feet and longer, hclougs to 

 the last three classeF. 



iii. Remaining Species. 



Broad-leaved trees, other than oak, do not yield much market- 

 able timber ; the exceptions to this rule are elm, ash, alder and 

 aspen. [Willow and sycamore are valuable in Britain. — Tr.] 

 In many cases each of these woods may be separately classified, 

 and the others classed together. "Wherever any of these timbers 

 are of special value, they should be classed separately. 



(b) Btdts. 

 i. Oak. 

 1st class, 12 — 20 long and over 20 inches in diameter. Good 



quality. 

 2nd class, 16 —20 inches in diameter. 

 3rd class, 12 — 1(5 inches in diameter. 

 4th class, 8 — 12 inches in diameter. 



5th class, butts exceeding 8 inches in diameter, but of inferior 

 quality. They must, however, be good enough for railway 

 sleepers and for sawn timber. 

 6th class, butts exceeding 8 inches in diameter, but too 



inferior to come into class 5. 

 The above timber is for sawing, staves, cabinet-making, 

 wheelwright's work, gate-posts, &c. 



ii. Coniferous Wood. 

 1st class, butts of best quality for musical instruments, 



shingles, and other split ware. 

 2nd class, butts of 14 inches raid-diameter and over ; straight 



grained. 

 3rd class, butts of 10 — 14 inches mid-diameter. 

 4th class, butts less than 10 inches mid-diameter. 

 5th class, butts of inferior quality and of various sizes. 

 The wood in these classes is chiefly intended for sawmills to 

 be converted into planks, boards and scantling. The wood 

 must be classed according to species, and occasionally more 

 classes than those here given will be required. 



As regards length, it is generally constant for the same 



