CLEARING THE FELLING-AREA. 277 



for short distances only, especially when wood has to he removed 

 from young growth with the least possihle amount of damage to 

 the latter, or has to be taken a short distance uphill to a road ; 

 also on very rocky ground, where no other means of transport is 

 practicable. The woodcutter either carries the wood on his 

 shoulder or piled on a frame on his back, or it is carried on a 

 litter supported by two people. Logs and poles may be carried 

 on the shoulders of several people [or suspended from rods 

 resting on their shoulders as they walk in pairs. — Tr.]. In 

 natural reproduction-areas, especially during the final stage in 

 spruce or silver-fir woods, all branchwood should be carried and 

 not dragged from oft' the felling-area, as the latter plan does 

 much damage to the young growth and predisposes it to attacks 

 of weevils. 



ii. Ilemoring wood on Wheeled Conveyances. 



This is always a careful method of clearing a felling-area, but can 

 be employed only where the ground is fairly level. The ordinary 

 wheel-barrow may be thus used, to which a rope may be attached 

 to economise strength in pulling. Horses or bullocks may also be 

 used on fairly level ground, with the front or back pair of wheels 

 of a timber cart. In this case the log is hung under the axle of 

 the wheels, and this is the best method available for removing 

 timber from young growth without injuring it. The use of 

 portable railways is also a method as good, if not better, than the 

 above. [A French method of raising logs on to carts is shewn 

 on p. 535.— Tr.] 



In order to further the transport, sufficiently wide cart- 

 tracks or paths may be cleared, which are specially advisable if 

 young growth is to be traversed. In any case this method is far 

 preferable to carelessly dragging the timber along the ground. 



iii. I)ra(j(jiH(i or SUdiu(i alonr/ the Ground. 

 In this method either men or beasts may be employed. Various 

 implements are used by the workmen to expedite matters, such as 

 the krempc (fig. 137), or the implement shown in fig. 136, resem- 

 bling a boat-hook, and also used in floating timber, or the strong 

 iook-lever with hook and ring (fig. 138), or ordinary levers. In 

 the case of beasts dragging the logs, chains are used, which may 



