CLEARING THE FELLING-AREA. 291 



(h) All Avood lying in places inaccessible by carts, such as 

 ravines, rocky ground, swamps, and steep slopes, should be 

 removed. In the case of dead wood, clear cuttings, thinnings, 

 itc, in flat or slightly hilly ground, the material is frequently left 

 ill situ, to be removed by carts, but even in such cases the 

 collection of the wood by the proprietor often increases the forest 

 revenue. 



(c) Wherever there is a crop of young growth, as in all 

 secondary and selection fellings, extraction of standards from 

 younger wood and where trap-trees for beetles are felled, the 

 wood should be at once removed from the felling-area. 



If, in such cases, the heavier logs are not at once removed, as 

 on fairly level ground, all the rest of the material and especially 

 the firewood should be removed as soon as possible by workmen 

 under the control of the forest manager. 



The logs left on the felling-area should be raised above the 

 ground on pieces of wood and removed as soon as possible by 

 purchasers. 



(d) The forest depot and the paths leading to it must be selected 

 by the forest manager before commencing the felling, and all wood 

 from the felling-area brought to the depot without delay. In 

 mountainous districts, where there is scarcity of room, vacant 

 places for stacking timber are provided by widening the roads 

 leading downhill at suitable places. 



(e) The method of removal of the wood to be adopted must be 

 prescribed beforehand and adhered to as much as possible. All 

 unsylvicultural methods should be avoided and employed only in 

 high mountain-districts, where the timber cannot otherwise be 

 removed. 



Where the wood is thrown downhill, the timber should all be 

 removed before the firewood, so that they may not become mixed 

 together. 



(f) The greatest care must be taken of the young growth when 

 the wood is being removed, and tracks, along which this is per- 

 mitted, should be selected beforehand by the manager. Great 

 care must be taken not to injure the bark of standing trees 

 during the removal of the wood, as this frequently causes un- 

 soundness and greatly depreciates the future value of these trees. 



On fairly level ground, if there is no snow, the heavier material 



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